Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Purpose: To explore the causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on publicly.available genome-wide association studies were employed to infer the causal relationship. The effect estim...
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Elsevier
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667376225000319 |
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| author | Zhaohao Huang Junjie Chen Lu Shi Jun Huang |
| author_facet | Zhaohao Huang Junjie Chen Lu Shi Jun Huang |
| author_sort | Zhaohao Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: To explore the causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on publicly.available genome-wide association studies were employed to infer the causal relationship. The effect estimates were calculated using the random-effects inverse-variance-weighted method. Results: Genetically predicted smoking was positively associated with cataract [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01−1.29; P = 0.027], w−AMD [OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.06−1.88; P = 0.019], diabetic retinopathy [OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.04−1.30; P = 0.01], disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways [OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.00−2.14; P = 0.049] in inverse variance weighted analysis. Suggestive evidence of an inverse association between smoking and myopia was also observed [OR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.57−0.97; P = 0.031]. No associations were observed for glaucoma, allergic conjunctivitis, pterygium, keratitis, scleritis and episcleritis. After performing weighted median and MR-Egger analysis, consistent results were observed. There was no horizontal pleiotropy in the two-sample MR analysis. Conclusions: Smoking may increase the risks of cataract, w−AMD, diabetic retinopathy, disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways. And smoking may decrease the risk of myopia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4e484583ddf249ef9019147608033155 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2667-3762 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-4e484583ddf249ef90191476080331552025-08-24T05:15:05ZengElsevierAdvances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research2667-37622025-08-015322022510.1016/j.aopr.2025.06.002Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization studyZhaohao Huang0Junjie Chen1Lu Shi2Jun Huang3State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaOphthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Corresponding author.Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Corresponding author.Purpose: To explore the causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on publicly.available genome-wide association studies were employed to infer the causal relationship. The effect estimates were calculated using the random-effects inverse-variance-weighted method. Results: Genetically predicted smoking was positively associated with cataract [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01−1.29; P = 0.027], w−AMD [OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.06−1.88; P = 0.019], diabetic retinopathy [OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.04−1.30; P = 0.01], disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways [OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.00−2.14; P = 0.049] in inverse variance weighted analysis. Suggestive evidence of an inverse association between smoking and myopia was also observed [OR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.57−0.97; P = 0.031]. No associations were observed for glaucoma, allergic conjunctivitis, pterygium, keratitis, scleritis and episcleritis. After performing weighted median and MR-Egger analysis, consistent results were observed. There was no horizontal pleiotropy in the two-sample MR analysis. Conclusions: Smoking may increase the risks of cataract, w−AMD, diabetic retinopathy, disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways. And smoking may decrease the risk of myopia.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667376225000319SmokingMyopiaCataractw−AMDDiabetic retinopathyMendelian randomization |
| spellingShingle | Zhaohao Huang Junjie Chen Lu Shi Jun Huang Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research Smoking Myopia Cataract w−AMD Diabetic retinopathy Mendelian randomization |
| title | Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full | Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_fullStr | Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_short | Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study |
| title_sort | causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases a mendelian randomization study |
| topic | Smoking Myopia Cataract w−AMD Diabetic retinopathy Mendelian randomization |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667376225000319 |
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