Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Purpose: To explore the causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on publicly.available genome-wide association studies were employed to infer the causal relationship. The effect estim...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667376225000319 |
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| Summary: | Purpose: To explore the causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on publicly.available genome-wide association studies were employed to infer the causal relationship. The effect estimates were calculated using the random-effects inverse-variance-weighted method. Results: Genetically predicted smoking was positively associated with cataract [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01−1.29; P = 0.027], w−AMD [OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.06−1.88; P = 0.019], diabetic retinopathy [OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.04−1.30; P = 0.01], disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways [OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.00−2.14; P = 0.049] in inverse variance weighted analysis. Suggestive evidence of an inverse association between smoking and myopia was also observed [OR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.57−0.97; P = 0.031]. No associations were observed for glaucoma, allergic conjunctivitis, pterygium, keratitis, scleritis and episcleritis. After performing weighted median and MR-Egger analysis, consistent results were observed. There was no horizontal pleiotropy in the two-sample MR analysis. Conclusions: Smoking may increase the risks of cataract, w−AMD, diabetic retinopathy, disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways. And smoking may decrease the risk of myopia. |
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| ISSN: | 2667-3762 |