Etiology and Risk Factors for Meningitis during an Outbreak in Batié Health District, Burkina Faso, January-March 2016

Introduction: On 16 March 2016, Batié Health District notified the Burkina Faso Ministry of Health Surveillance unit of 12 suspected cases of meningitis. During the same period, Batié´s neighboring districts in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana were experiencing a meningitis epidemic. We investigated to...

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Main Authors: Pedwindé Hamadou Séogo, Bernard Sawadogo, Brice Wilfried Bicaba, Issaka Yameogo, Denis Yelbeogo, Yacouba Savadogo, Hyacinthe Sow, Oumarou Batoure, Hamed Sidwaya Ouedraogo, Antoine Sana, Daouda Koussoubé, Abdoul Aziz Traoré, Salam Ouedraogo, Isaie Medah, Simon Antara, André McKenzie, Mamadou Sawadogo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: African Field Epidemiology Network 2021-03-01
Series:Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.afenet-journal.net/content/article/4/4/full/
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author Pedwindé Hamadou Séogo
Bernard Sawadogo
Brice Wilfried Bicaba
Issaka Yameogo
Denis Yelbeogo
Yacouba Savadogo
Hyacinthe Sow
Oumarou Batoure
Hamed Sidwaya Ouedraogo
Antoine Sana
Daouda Koussoubé
Abdoul Aziz Traoré
Salam Ouedraogo
Isaie Medah
Simon Antara
André McKenzie
Mamadou Sawadogo
author_facet Pedwindé Hamadou Séogo
Bernard Sawadogo
Brice Wilfried Bicaba
Issaka Yameogo
Denis Yelbeogo
Yacouba Savadogo
Hyacinthe Sow
Oumarou Batoure
Hamed Sidwaya Ouedraogo
Antoine Sana
Daouda Koussoubé
Abdoul Aziz Traoré
Salam Ouedraogo
Isaie Medah
Simon Antara
André McKenzie
Mamadou Sawadogo
author_sort Pedwindé Hamadou Séogo
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: On 16 March 2016, Batié Health District notified the Burkina Faso Ministry of Health Surveillance unit of 12 suspected cases of meningitis. During the same period, Batié´s neighboring districts in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana were experiencing a meningitis epidemic. We investigated to establish the etiology and risk factors for the disease and to recommend prevention and control measures. Methods: We conducted unmatched case control study. A case was any person living in Batié with fever (temp. ≥ 38.5°C) and any of the following: neck stiffness, neurological disorder, bulging fontanelle, convulsion during January to April 2016 with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) positive to PCR. Controls were non sick household members, neighbors or friends to the cases. We analyzed the investigation and laboratory records. We included all confirmed cases and two neighborhood controls per case. We used a standard questionnaire to collect data. We analyzed data by Epi info 7 and calculated odds ratio (ORs),adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence interval. We proceeded to univariate, bivariate, multivariate and logistic regression analysis. Results: We interviewed 93 participants including 31 meningitis cases and 62 controls. The median age of cases was 8 years old [2 months-55 years] and 6.5 years old [5 months-51 years] for controls. Streptococcus pneumoniae 16(51.61%), Neisseria meningitidis W 14(45.16%) and Haemophilus influenzae b 1(3.23%) were the identified germs. The independent risk factors identified were travel to meningitis affected areas (Adjusted odd ratio(AOR)=12[2.3-60],p=0.0029); >5 persons sharing bedroom (AOR=5.7[1.5-22],p=0.012) and rhinopharyngitis (AOR=26[1.8-380],p=0.017). Conclusion: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis W caused the outbreak in Batié. The risk factors were overcrowding, travel to affected areas, and rhinopharyngitis. We recommended reactive vaccination against Neisseria meningitidis W, limited travel to affected areas and ventilation of rooms.
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spelling doaj-art-4e3d3ef4d3a84ff39e28e3887d0721092025-08-20T03:47:32ZengAfrican Field Epidemiology NetworkJournal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health2664-28242021-03-0141https://doi.org/10.37432/jieph.2021.4.1.33Etiology and Risk Factors for Meningitis during an Outbreak in Batié Health District, Burkina Faso, January-March 2016Pedwindé Hamadou Séogo0Bernard Sawadogo1Brice Wilfried Bicaba2Issaka Yameogo3Denis Yelbeogo4Yacouba Savadogo5Hyacinthe Sow6Oumarou Batoure7Hamed Sidwaya Ouedraogo8Antoine Sana9Daouda Koussoubé10Abdoul Aziz Traoré11Salam Ouedraogo12Isaie Medah13Simon Antara14André McKenzie15Mamadou Sawadogo16West Africa Field Epidemiology Training Program, Ouagadougou; 2Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; University Ouaga I, Pr Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoWest Africa Field Epidemiology Training Program, Ouagadougou; University Ouaga I, Pr Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoMinistry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoMinistry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoMinistry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoMinistry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoWest Africa Field Epidemiology Training Program, Ouagadougou; 2Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; University Ouaga I, Pr Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoWest Africa Field Epidemiology Training Program, OuagadougouMinistry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoMinistry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoMinistry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoMinistry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoMinistry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoMinistry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoWest Africa Field Epidemiology Training Program, OuagadougouCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USAWest Africa Field Epidemiology Training Program, Ouagadougou; University Ouaga I, Pr Joseph Ki Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoIntroduction: On 16 March 2016, Batié Health District notified the Burkina Faso Ministry of Health Surveillance unit of 12 suspected cases of meningitis. During the same period, Batié´s neighboring districts in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana were experiencing a meningitis epidemic. We investigated to establish the etiology and risk factors for the disease and to recommend prevention and control measures. Methods: We conducted unmatched case control study. A case was any person living in Batié with fever (temp. ≥ 38.5°C) and any of the following: neck stiffness, neurological disorder, bulging fontanelle, convulsion during January to April 2016 with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) positive to PCR. Controls were non sick household members, neighbors or friends to the cases. We analyzed the investigation and laboratory records. We included all confirmed cases and two neighborhood controls per case. We used a standard questionnaire to collect data. We analyzed data by Epi info 7 and calculated odds ratio (ORs),adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence interval. We proceeded to univariate, bivariate, multivariate and logistic regression analysis. Results: We interviewed 93 participants including 31 meningitis cases and 62 controls. The median age of cases was 8 years old [2 months-55 years] and 6.5 years old [5 months-51 years] for controls. Streptococcus pneumoniae 16(51.61%), Neisseria meningitidis W 14(45.16%) and Haemophilus influenzae b 1(3.23%) were the identified germs. The independent risk factors identified were travel to meningitis affected areas (Adjusted odd ratio(AOR)=12[2.3-60],p=0.0029); >5 persons sharing bedroom (AOR=5.7[1.5-22],p=0.012) and rhinopharyngitis (AOR=26[1.8-380],p=0.017). Conclusion: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis W caused the outbreak in Batié. The risk factors were overcrowding, travel to affected areas, and rhinopharyngitis. We recommended reactive vaccination against Neisseria meningitidis W, limited travel to affected areas and ventilation of rooms.https://www.afenet-journal.net/content/article/4/4/full/meningitisetiologyrisk factorsbatiéburkina faso
spellingShingle Pedwindé Hamadou Séogo
Bernard Sawadogo
Brice Wilfried Bicaba
Issaka Yameogo
Denis Yelbeogo
Yacouba Savadogo
Hyacinthe Sow
Oumarou Batoure
Hamed Sidwaya Ouedraogo
Antoine Sana
Daouda Koussoubé
Abdoul Aziz Traoré
Salam Ouedraogo
Isaie Medah
Simon Antara
André McKenzie
Mamadou Sawadogo
Etiology and Risk Factors for Meningitis during an Outbreak in Batié Health District, Burkina Faso, January-March 2016
Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health
meningitis
etiology
risk factors
batié
burkina faso
title Etiology and Risk Factors for Meningitis during an Outbreak in Batié Health District, Burkina Faso, January-March 2016
title_full Etiology and Risk Factors for Meningitis during an Outbreak in Batié Health District, Burkina Faso, January-March 2016
title_fullStr Etiology and Risk Factors for Meningitis during an Outbreak in Batié Health District, Burkina Faso, January-March 2016
title_full_unstemmed Etiology and Risk Factors for Meningitis during an Outbreak in Batié Health District, Burkina Faso, January-March 2016
title_short Etiology and Risk Factors for Meningitis during an Outbreak in Batié Health District, Burkina Faso, January-March 2016
title_sort etiology and risk factors for meningitis during an outbreak in batie health district burkina faso january march 2016
topic meningitis
etiology
risk factors
batié
burkina faso
url https://www.afenet-journal.net/content/article/4/4/full/
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