Insights from a computational model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Objectives: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common surgical procedure, particularly among athletes and especially those involved in sports requiring sudden changes in movement direction. This procedure aims to repair the ACL, a crucial ligament for stabilizing the knee joint. Th...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502287X |
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| author | Ramos A Anacleto C Simões J. A |
| author_facet | Ramos A Anacleto C Simões J. A |
| author_sort | Ramos A |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common surgical procedure, particularly among athletes and especially those involved in sports requiring sudden changes in movement direction. This procedure aims to repair the ACL, a crucial ligament for stabilizing the knee joint. The present study aimed to develop a computational model to investigate the effect of biomechanical parameters associated with ACL reconstruction, primarily focusing on the loads sustained by the ACL. Materials and Methods: Based on a CT scan, a computational model of a left knee was developed, including hard tissues (femur, tibia and patella) and soft tissues (ligaments, cartilages and meniscus). A multibody model was designed and implemented to study ACL loads during 90° passive flexion, considering the knee ligaments as mechanical springs. The effects of pre-load, ligament footprint position, and ACL stiffness were analysed in relation to the maximum load sustained by the ACL fixation. Results: The results were validated using published data in computational and ex vivo results. The model developed exhibited similar biomechanical behaviour, with a maximum load approximately 5 % higher. A peak load of 208 N was observed at 30° of flexion with a pre-load of 128 N. The ligament footprint position was found to influence the maximum load by approximately 20 %. Conclusions: The validated model can be used to analyse additional biomechanical parameters related to ACL reconstruction. ACL stiffness is a key mechanical property affecting the maximum load sustained and is influenced by both pre-load and the ligament’s footprint position on the tibia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4e385cba12d240d88b5159f1be11103b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-4e385cba12d240d88b5159f1be11103b2025-08-20T02:39:18ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710621510.1016/j.rineng.2025.106215Insights from a computational model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructionRamos A0Anacleto C1Simões J. A2Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Corresponding author.Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalESAD.IDEA, 4450-073 Matosinhos, PortugalObjectives: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common surgical procedure, particularly among athletes and especially those involved in sports requiring sudden changes in movement direction. This procedure aims to repair the ACL, a crucial ligament for stabilizing the knee joint. The present study aimed to develop a computational model to investigate the effect of biomechanical parameters associated with ACL reconstruction, primarily focusing on the loads sustained by the ACL. Materials and Methods: Based on a CT scan, a computational model of a left knee was developed, including hard tissues (femur, tibia and patella) and soft tissues (ligaments, cartilages and meniscus). A multibody model was designed and implemented to study ACL loads during 90° passive flexion, considering the knee ligaments as mechanical springs. The effects of pre-load, ligament footprint position, and ACL stiffness were analysed in relation to the maximum load sustained by the ACL fixation. Results: The results were validated using published data in computational and ex vivo results. The model developed exhibited similar biomechanical behaviour, with a maximum load approximately 5 % higher. A peak load of 208 N was observed at 30° of flexion with a pre-load of 128 N. The ligament footprint position was found to influence the maximum load by approximately 20 %. Conclusions: The validated model can be used to analyse additional biomechanical parameters related to ACL reconstruction. ACL stiffness is a key mechanical property affecting the maximum load sustained and is influenced by both pre-load and the ligament’s footprint position on the tibia.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502287XKneeAnterior cruciate ligament reconstructionIn-silico modelLigament Footprint |
| spellingShingle | Ramos A Anacleto C Simões J. A Insights from a computational model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Results in Engineering Knee Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction In-silico model Ligament Footprint |
| title | Insights from a computational model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| title_full | Insights from a computational model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| title_fullStr | Insights from a computational model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights from a computational model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| title_short | Insights from a computational model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| title_sort | insights from a computational model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| topic | Knee Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction In-silico model Ligament Footprint |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502287X |
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