Ecological drivers of malaria vector habitat and transmission over 1 year of long-lasting insecticidal net intervention in Côte d’Ivoire
Abstract Background Malaria is a mosquito-borne parasitic disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in at-risk populations, especially in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite reductions in malaria burden owing to the scale-up of effective interventions, there are concerns that long-...
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BMC
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06984-9 |
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| author | Benoit Talbot Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou Alphonsine A. Koffi Colette Sih Edouard Dangbenon Marius G. Zoh Soromane Camara Serge B. Assi Raphael N’Guessan Louisa A. Messenger Natacha Protopopoff Jackie Cook Manisha A. Kulkarni |
| author_facet | Benoit Talbot Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou Alphonsine A. Koffi Colette Sih Edouard Dangbenon Marius G. Zoh Soromane Camara Serge B. Assi Raphael N’Guessan Louisa A. Messenger Natacha Protopopoff Jackie Cook Manisha A. Kulkarni |
| author_sort | Benoit Talbot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Malaria is a mosquito-borne parasitic disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in at-risk populations, especially in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite reductions in malaria burden owing to the scale-up of effective interventions, there are concerns that long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) effects may not be sustained owing to widespread insecticide resistance and differential impacts of LLIN on vector species. In this study, we aimed to test the effect of different LLIN products and other environmental factors on the ecological niche of three mosquito vector species using state-of-the-art ecological niche modelling approaches. Methods This study used data from a cluster randomized control trial that took place in Tiébissou, in Central Côte d’Ivoire. Anopheles mosquito density and Plasmodium falciparum vector infection data were available across 33 clusters. We used satellite remote sensing related to land cover, climate, topography and population density across the study area alongside vector species occurrence data to construct ecological niche models for An. coluzzi, An. gambiae s.s. and An. funestus s.s., and for P. falciparum-infected vectors, at baseline and 1-year post-LLIN intervention. We compared the projected habitat and habitat determinants for each species, and assessed the respective contributions of each intervention arm and environmental factors on the probability of species occurrence. Results Minimal to considerable overall reductions in suitable habitat across the study area were observed for the three mosquito vector species (less than 1% to more than 60%), and considerable overall reduction was observed for P. falciparum-infected vectors (more than 50%). We did not detect an effect of intervention arm on the probability of occurrence of any vector species, while we found strong significant effects of a combination of land cover, climate, topography and/or population density variables on each of the three mosquito vector species and malaria-infected vectors. Our results suggest environmental factors may have facilitated or restricted changes in the probability of occurrence of vector species and infected vectors in the context of vector control interventions. Conclusions Our study highlights wide ecological differences across malaria vector species and supports the need to consider malaria vector species composition when deploying malaria vector control interventions in endemic settings. Graphical abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4e36dcea4958418fbb671d1b0f197d41 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj-art-4e36dcea4958418fbb671d1b0f197d412025-08-20T03:42:26ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052025-08-0118111410.1186/s13071-025-06984-9Ecological drivers of malaria vector habitat and transmission over 1 year of long-lasting insecticidal net intervention in Côte d’IvoireBenoit Talbot0Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou1Alphonsine A. Koffi2Colette Sih3Edouard Dangbenon4Marius G. Zoh5Soromane Camara6Serge B. Assi7Raphael N’Guessan8Louisa A. Messenger9Natacha Protopopoff10Jackie Cook11Manisha A. Kulkarni12School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of OttawaInstitut Pierre Richet (IPR)/Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP)Institut Pierre Richet (IPR)/Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP)Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineVector Control Product Evaluation Centre (VCPEC-IPR/INSP)Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre (VCPEC-IPR/INSP)Institut Pierre Richet (IPR)/Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP)Institut Pierre Richet (IPR)/Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP)Vector Control Product Evaluation Centre (VCPEC-IPR/INSP)Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical & Public Health InstituteFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineSchool of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of OttawaAbstract Background Malaria is a mosquito-borne parasitic disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in at-risk populations, especially in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite reductions in malaria burden owing to the scale-up of effective interventions, there are concerns that long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) effects may not be sustained owing to widespread insecticide resistance and differential impacts of LLIN on vector species. In this study, we aimed to test the effect of different LLIN products and other environmental factors on the ecological niche of three mosquito vector species using state-of-the-art ecological niche modelling approaches. Methods This study used data from a cluster randomized control trial that took place in Tiébissou, in Central Côte d’Ivoire. Anopheles mosquito density and Plasmodium falciparum vector infection data were available across 33 clusters. We used satellite remote sensing related to land cover, climate, topography and population density across the study area alongside vector species occurrence data to construct ecological niche models for An. coluzzi, An. gambiae s.s. and An. funestus s.s., and for P. falciparum-infected vectors, at baseline and 1-year post-LLIN intervention. We compared the projected habitat and habitat determinants for each species, and assessed the respective contributions of each intervention arm and environmental factors on the probability of species occurrence. Results Minimal to considerable overall reductions in suitable habitat across the study area were observed for the three mosquito vector species (less than 1% to more than 60%), and considerable overall reduction was observed for P. falciparum-infected vectors (more than 50%). We did not detect an effect of intervention arm on the probability of occurrence of any vector species, while we found strong significant effects of a combination of land cover, climate, topography and/or population density variables on each of the three mosquito vector species and malaria-infected vectors. Our results suggest environmental factors may have facilitated or restricted changes in the probability of occurrence of vector species and infected vectors in the context of vector control interventions. Conclusions Our study highlights wide ecological differences across malaria vector species and supports the need to consider malaria vector species composition when deploying malaria vector control interventions in endemic settings. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06984-9AnophelesCôte d’IvoireLong-lasting insecticidal netsMachine learningPlasmodium falciparumTrial clusters |
| spellingShingle | Benoit Talbot Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou Alphonsine A. Koffi Colette Sih Edouard Dangbenon Marius G. Zoh Soromane Camara Serge B. Assi Raphael N’Guessan Louisa A. Messenger Natacha Protopopoff Jackie Cook Manisha A. Kulkarni Ecological drivers of malaria vector habitat and transmission over 1 year of long-lasting insecticidal net intervention in Côte d’Ivoire Parasites & Vectors Anopheles Côte d’Ivoire Long-lasting insecticidal nets Machine learning Plasmodium falciparum Trial clusters |
| title | Ecological drivers of malaria vector habitat and transmission over 1 year of long-lasting insecticidal net intervention in Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_full | Ecological drivers of malaria vector habitat and transmission over 1 year of long-lasting insecticidal net intervention in Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_fullStr | Ecological drivers of malaria vector habitat and transmission over 1 year of long-lasting insecticidal net intervention in Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecological drivers of malaria vector habitat and transmission over 1 year of long-lasting insecticidal net intervention in Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_short | Ecological drivers of malaria vector habitat and transmission over 1 year of long-lasting insecticidal net intervention in Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_sort | ecological drivers of malaria vector habitat and transmission over 1 year of long lasting insecticidal net intervention in cote d ivoire |
| topic | Anopheles Côte d’Ivoire Long-lasting insecticidal nets Machine learning Plasmodium falciparum Trial clusters |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06984-9 |
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