Multimodal sequencing of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals cellular and molecular immune landscape for drug response

Abstract A striking characteristic of liver cancer is its extensive heterogeneity, particularly with regard to its varied response to immunotherapy. In this study, we employed multimodal sequencing approaches to explore the various aspects of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment in liver cancer patients....

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Fanhong Zeng, Qingyang Zhang, Yu-Man Tsui, Huanhuan Ma, Lu Tian, Abdullah Husain, Jingyi Lu, Joyce Man-Fong Lee, Vanilla Xin Zhang, Po-Man Li, Gary Cheuk-Hang Cheung, Tan-To Cheung, Daniel Wai-Hung Ho, Irene Oi-Lin Ng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Molecular Cancer
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02314-w
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850145650742657024
author Fanhong Zeng
Qingyang Zhang
Yu-Man Tsui
Huanhuan Ma
Lu Tian
Abdullah Husain
Jingyi Lu
Joyce Man-Fong Lee
Vanilla Xin Zhang
Po-Man Li
Gary Cheuk-Hang Cheung
Tan-To Cheung
Daniel Wai-Hung Ho
Irene Oi-Lin Ng
author_facet Fanhong Zeng
Qingyang Zhang
Yu-Man Tsui
Huanhuan Ma
Lu Tian
Abdullah Husain
Jingyi Lu
Joyce Man-Fong Lee
Vanilla Xin Zhang
Po-Man Li
Gary Cheuk-Hang Cheung
Tan-To Cheung
Daniel Wai-Hung Ho
Irene Oi-Lin Ng
author_sort Fanhong Zeng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A striking characteristic of liver cancer is its extensive heterogeneity, particularly with regard to its varied response to immunotherapy. In this study, we employed multimodal sequencing approaches to explore the various aspects of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment in liver cancer patients. We used spatially-resolved transcriptomics, single- and bulk-cell transcriptomics, and TCR clonotype analyses to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of the effects of nivolumab. We observed a significantly higher clonal expansion of T cells in the tumors of patients who responded to the treatment, while lipid accumulation was detected in those of non-responders, likely due to inherent differences in lipid metabolic processes. Furthermore, we found a preferential enrichment of T cells, which was associated with a better drug response. Our results also indicate a functional antagonism between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD8 cells and their spatial separation. Notably, we identified a UBASH3B/NR1I2/CEACAM1/HAVCR2 signaling axis, highlighting the intense communication among TAMs, tumor cells, and T-cells that leads to pro-tumorigenic outcomes resulting in poorer nivolumab response. In summary, using integrative multimodal sequencing investigations, combined with the multi-faceted exploration of pre- and post-treatment samples of neoadjuvant nivolumab-treated HCC patients, we identified useful mechanistic determinants of therapeutic response. We also reconstructed the spatiotemporal model that recapitulates the physiological restoration of T cell cytotoxicity by anti-PD1 blockade. Our findings could provide important biomarkers and explain the mechanistic basis differentiating the responders and non-responders.
format Article
id doaj-art-4e3611dba85d4818894d547f7c9603c9
institution OA Journals
issn 1476-4598
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Molecular Cancer
spelling doaj-art-4e3611dba85d4818894d547f7c9603c92025-08-20T02:28:02ZengBMCMolecular Cancer1476-45982025-04-0124112410.1186/s12943-025-02314-wMultimodal sequencing of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals cellular and molecular immune landscape for drug responseFanhong Zeng0Qingyang Zhang1Yu-Man Tsui2Huanhuan Ma3Lu Tian4Abdullah Husain5Jingyi Lu6Joyce Man-Fong Lee7Vanilla Xin Zhang8Po-Man Li9Gary Cheuk-Hang Cheung10Tan-To Cheung11Daniel Wai-Hung Ho12Irene Oi-Lin Ng13Department of Pathology, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong KongState Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong KongDepartment of Pathology, The University of Hong KongAbstract A striking characteristic of liver cancer is its extensive heterogeneity, particularly with regard to its varied response to immunotherapy. In this study, we employed multimodal sequencing approaches to explore the various aspects of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment in liver cancer patients. We used spatially-resolved transcriptomics, single- and bulk-cell transcriptomics, and TCR clonotype analyses to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of the effects of nivolumab. We observed a significantly higher clonal expansion of T cells in the tumors of patients who responded to the treatment, while lipid accumulation was detected in those of non-responders, likely due to inherent differences in lipid metabolic processes. Furthermore, we found a preferential enrichment of T cells, which was associated with a better drug response. Our results also indicate a functional antagonism between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD8 cells and their spatial separation. Notably, we identified a UBASH3B/NR1I2/CEACAM1/HAVCR2 signaling axis, highlighting the intense communication among TAMs, tumor cells, and T-cells that leads to pro-tumorigenic outcomes resulting in poorer nivolumab response. In summary, using integrative multimodal sequencing investigations, combined with the multi-faceted exploration of pre- and post-treatment samples of neoadjuvant nivolumab-treated HCC patients, we identified useful mechanistic determinants of therapeutic response. We also reconstructed the spatiotemporal model that recapitulates the physiological restoration of T cell cytotoxicity by anti-PD1 blockade. Our findings could provide important biomarkers and explain the mechanistic basis differentiating the responders and non-responders.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02314-wImmunotherapySpatial transcriptomicsLiver cancer
spellingShingle Fanhong Zeng
Qingyang Zhang
Yu-Man Tsui
Huanhuan Ma
Lu Tian
Abdullah Husain
Jingyi Lu
Joyce Man-Fong Lee
Vanilla Xin Zhang
Po-Man Li
Gary Cheuk-Hang Cheung
Tan-To Cheung
Daniel Wai-Hung Ho
Irene Oi-Lin Ng
Multimodal sequencing of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals cellular and molecular immune landscape for drug response
Molecular Cancer
Immunotherapy
Spatial transcriptomics
Liver cancer
title Multimodal sequencing of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals cellular and molecular immune landscape for drug response
title_full Multimodal sequencing of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals cellular and molecular immune landscape for drug response
title_fullStr Multimodal sequencing of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals cellular and molecular immune landscape for drug response
title_full_unstemmed Multimodal sequencing of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals cellular and molecular immune landscape for drug response
title_short Multimodal sequencing of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals cellular and molecular immune landscape for drug response
title_sort multimodal sequencing of neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals cellular and molecular immune landscape for drug response
topic Immunotherapy
Spatial transcriptomics
Liver cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02314-w
work_keys_str_mv AT fanhongzeng multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT qingyangzhang multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT yumantsui multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT huanhuanma multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT lutian multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT abdullahhusain multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT jingyilu multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT joycemanfonglee multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT vanillaxinzhang multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT pomanli multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT garycheukhangcheung multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT tantocheung multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT danielwaihungho multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse
AT ireneoilinng multimodalsequencingofneoadjuvantnivolumabtreatmentinhepatocellularcarcinomarevealscellularandmolecularimmunelandscapefordrugresponse