Dietary Administration of Postbiotics from <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i> DCF12.2 Enhanced Intestinal Integrity, Microbiota, and Immune Response in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)

The use of postbiotics for dietary fortification in aquaculture is gaining increasing attention due to their potential immunomodulatory and gut health benefits. In this study, we evaluated the effects of postbiotics derived from <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i> DCF12.2 on intestinal histology...

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Main Authors: Olivia Pérez-Gómez, Sonia Rohra-Benítez, Marta Domínguez-Maqueda, Isabel M. Cerezo, Alba Galafat, Eduardo Martínez-Manzanares, Juan Miguel Mancera, Francisco Javier Alarcón-López, Jorge García-Márquez, Miguel Ángel Moriñigo, Salvador Arijo
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1982
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author Olivia Pérez-Gómez
Sonia Rohra-Benítez
Marta Domínguez-Maqueda
Isabel M. Cerezo
Alba Galafat
Eduardo Martínez-Manzanares
Juan Miguel Mancera
Francisco Javier Alarcón-López
Jorge García-Márquez
Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
Salvador Arijo
author_facet Olivia Pérez-Gómez
Sonia Rohra-Benítez
Marta Domínguez-Maqueda
Isabel M. Cerezo
Alba Galafat
Eduardo Martínez-Manzanares
Juan Miguel Mancera
Francisco Javier Alarcón-López
Jorge García-Márquez
Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
Salvador Arijo
author_sort Olivia Pérez-Gómez
collection DOAJ
description The use of postbiotics for dietary fortification in aquaculture is gaining increasing attention due to their potential immunomodulatory and gut health benefits. In this study, we evaluated the effects of postbiotics derived from <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i> DCF12.2 on intestinal histology, microbiota composition, and the expression of genes related to epithelial integrity and inflammation in juvenile gilthead seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>). Fish were fed either a control (CRTL) diet or the postbiotic-supplemented diet (VP) for 62 days. At the end of the feeding trial, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was conducted to evaluate the immune response in fish. Histological analysis revealed a healthy mucosa in both groups, though fish fed the VP diet reduced fold height and mucosal layer thickness, alongside a significant increase in goblet cells. Microbiota profiling indicated higher alpha diversity and significant shifts in community composition in the VP group, including enrichment of potentially beneficial genera (<i>Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas</i>) and depletion of opportunistic taxa (<i>Enterococcus, Stenotrophomonas</i>). After the feeding trial, fish fed the VP diet exhibited downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (<i>tnfα, cox2</i>). Following LPS challenge, <i>cdh1</i>—a key epithelial adhesion protein required for maintaining intestinal barrier integrity—expression was upregulated significantly in the VP group, suggesting enhanced epithelial resilience. These findings demonstrate that dietary fortification with <i>V. proteolyticus</i>-derived postbiotics supports mucosal health as well as modulates the intestinal microbiota and immune responses in gilthead seabream juveniles, offering a promising strategy for functional aquafeed development in sustainable aquaculture.
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spelling doaj-art-4e2e7f1a57294cc1ba9854e9c569cb902025-08-20T02:35:47ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-07-011513198210.3390/ani15131982Dietary Administration of Postbiotics from <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i> DCF12.2 Enhanced Intestinal Integrity, Microbiota, and Immune Response in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)Olivia Pérez-Gómez0Sonia Rohra-Benítez1Marta Domínguez-Maqueda2Isabel M. Cerezo3Alba Galafat4Eduardo Martínez-Manzanares5Juan Miguel Mancera6Francisco Javier Alarcón-López7Jorge García-Márquez8Miguel Ángel Moriñigo9Salvador Arijo10Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, Ceimar-Universidad de Almería, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, SpainDepartamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, Ceimar-Universidad de Almería, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Ceimar-Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, SpainDepartamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, Ceimar-Universidad de Almería, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, SpainThe use of postbiotics for dietary fortification in aquaculture is gaining increasing attention due to their potential immunomodulatory and gut health benefits. In this study, we evaluated the effects of postbiotics derived from <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i> DCF12.2 on intestinal histology, microbiota composition, and the expression of genes related to epithelial integrity and inflammation in juvenile gilthead seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>). Fish were fed either a control (CRTL) diet or the postbiotic-supplemented diet (VP) for 62 days. At the end of the feeding trial, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was conducted to evaluate the immune response in fish. Histological analysis revealed a healthy mucosa in both groups, though fish fed the VP diet reduced fold height and mucosal layer thickness, alongside a significant increase in goblet cells. Microbiota profiling indicated higher alpha diversity and significant shifts in community composition in the VP group, including enrichment of potentially beneficial genera (<i>Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas</i>) and depletion of opportunistic taxa (<i>Enterococcus, Stenotrophomonas</i>). After the feeding trial, fish fed the VP diet exhibited downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (<i>tnfα, cox2</i>). Following LPS challenge, <i>cdh1</i>—a key epithelial adhesion protein required for maintaining intestinal barrier integrity—expression was upregulated significantly in the VP group, suggesting enhanced epithelial resilience. These findings demonstrate that dietary fortification with <i>V. proteolyticus</i>-derived postbiotics supports mucosal health as well as modulates the intestinal microbiota and immune responses in gilthead seabream juveniles, offering a promising strategy for functional aquafeed development in sustainable aquaculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1982aquacultureaquafeedsgut healthimmune responsefish nutritionpostbiotic
spellingShingle Olivia Pérez-Gómez
Sonia Rohra-Benítez
Marta Domínguez-Maqueda
Isabel M. Cerezo
Alba Galafat
Eduardo Martínez-Manzanares
Juan Miguel Mancera
Francisco Javier Alarcón-López
Jorge García-Márquez
Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
Salvador Arijo
Dietary Administration of Postbiotics from <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i> DCF12.2 Enhanced Intestinal Integrity, Microbiota, and Immune Response in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
Animals
aquaculture
aquafeeds
gut health
immune response
fish nutrition
postbiotic
title Dietary Administration of Postbiotics from <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i> DCF12.2 Enhanced Intestinal Integrity, Microbiota, and Immune Response in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
title_full Dietary Administration of Postbiotics from <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i> DCF12.2 Enhanced Intestinal Integrity, Microbiota, and Immune Response in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
title_fullStr Dietary Administration of Postbiotics from <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i> DCF12.2 Enhanced Intestinal Integrity, Microbiota, and Immune Response in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
title_full_unstemmed Dietary Administration of Postbiotics from <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i> DCF12.2 Enhanced Intestinal Integrity, Microbiota, and Immune Response in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
title_short Dietary Administration of Postbiotics from <i>Vibrio proteolyticus</i> DCF12.2 Enhanced Intestinal Integrity, Microbiota, and Immune Response in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
title_sort dietary administration of postbiotics from i vibrio proteolyticus i dcf12 2 enhanced intestinal integrity microbiota and immune response in juvenile gilthead seabream i sparus aurata i
topic aquaculture
aquafeeds
gut health
immune response
fish nutrition
postbiotic
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1982
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