Detecting performance difficulty of learners in colonoscopy: Evidence from eye-tracking

Eye-tracking can help decode the intricate control mechanism in human performance. In healthcare, physicians-in-training requires extensive practice to improve their healthcare skills. When a trainee encounters any difficulty in the practice, they will need feedback from experts to improve their per...

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Main Authors: Xin Liu, Bin Zheng, Xiaoqin Duan, Wenjing He, Yuandong Li, Jinyu Zhao, Chen Zhao, Lin Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-07-01
Series:Journal of Eye Movement Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://bop.unibe.ch/JEMR/article/view/7515
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author Xin Liu
Bin Zheng
Xiaoqin Duan
Wenjing He
Yuandong Li
Jinyu Zhao
Chen Zhao
Lin Wang
author_facet Xin Liu
Bin Zheng
Xiaoqin Duan
Wenjing He
Yuandong Li
Jinyu Zhao
Chen Zhao
Lin Wang
author_sort Xin Liu
collection DOAJ
description Eye-tracking can help decode the intricate control mechanism in human performance. In healthcare, physicians-in-training requires extensive practice to improve their healthcare skills. When a trainee encounters any difficulty in the practice, they will need feedback from experts to improve their performance. The personal feedback is time-consuming and subjected to bias. In this study, we tracked the eye movements of trainees during their colonoscopic performance in simulation. We applied deep learning algorithms to detect the eye-tracking metrics on the moments of navigation lost (MNL), a signature sign for performance difficulty during colonoscopy. Basic human eye gaze and pupil characteristics were learned and verified by the deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGANs); the generated data were fed to the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with three different data feeding strategies to classify MNLs from the entire colonoscopic procedure. Outputs from deep learning were compared to the expert’s judgment on the MNLs based on colonoscopic videos. The best classification outcome was achieved when we fed human eye data with 1000 synthesized eye data, where accuracy (90%), sensitivity (90%), and specificity (88%) were optimized. This study built an important foundation for our work of developing a self-adaptive education system for training healthcare skills using simulation.
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issn 1995-8692
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series Journal of Eye Movement Research
spelling doaj-art-4e29f13d30a04b97a20fedd8bb8949332025-08-20T03:06:10ZengMDPI AGJournal of Eye Movement Research1995-86922021-07-0114210.16910/jemr.14.2.5Detecting performance difficulty of learners in colonoscopy: Evidence from eye-trackingXin Liu0Bin Zheng1Xiaoqin Duan2Wenjing He3Yuandong Li4Jinyu Zhao5Chen Zhao6Lin Wang7University of Science and Technology Beijing; University of AlbertaUniversity of AlbertaJilin University Second Hospital; University of AlbertaUniversity of ManitobaShanxi Bethune HospitalUniversity of AlbertaUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering for Materials ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEye-tracking can help decode the intricate control mechanism in human performance. In healthcare, physicians-in-training requires extensive practice to improve their healthcare skills. When a trainee encounters any difficulty in the practice, they will need feedback from experts to improve their performance. The personal feedback is time-consuming and subjected to bias. In this study, we tracked the eye movements of trainees during their colonoscopic performance in simulation. We applied deep learning algorithms to detect the eye-tracking metrics on the moments of navigation lost (MNL), a signature sign for performance difficulty during colonoscopy. Basic human eye gaze and pupil characteristics were learned and verified by the deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGANs); the generated data were fed to the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with three different data feeding strategies to classify MNLs from the entire colonoscopic procedure. Outputs from deep learning were compared to the expert’s judgment on the MNLs based on colonoscopic videos. The best classification outcome was achieved when we fed human eye data with 1000 synthesized eye data, where accuracy (90%), sensitivity (90%), and specificity (88%) were optimized. This study built an important foundation for our work of developing a self-adaptive education system for training healthcare skills using simulation.https://bop.unibe.ch/JEMR/article/view/7515colonoscopysimulationeye-trackingnavigationDeep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs)Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks
spellingShingle Xin Liu
Bin Zheng
Xiaoqin Duan
Wenjing He
Yuandong Li
Jinyu Zhao
Chen Zhao
Lin Wang
Detecting performance difficulty of learners in colonoscopy: Evidence from eye-tracking
Journal of Eye Movement Research
colonoscopy
simulation
eye-tracking
navigation
Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs)
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks
title Detecting performance difficulty of learners in colonoscopy: Evidence from eye-tracking
title_full Detecting performance difficulty of learners in colonoscopy: Evidence from eye-tracking
title_fullStr Detecting performance difficulty of learners in colonoscopy: Evidence from eye-tracking
title_full_unstemmed Detecting performance difficulty of learners in colonoscopy: Evidence from eye-tracking
title_short Detecting performance difficulty of learners in colonoscopy: Evidence from eye-tracking
title_sort detecting performance difficulty of learners in colonoscopy evidence from eye tracking
topic colonoscopy
simulation
eye-tracking
navigation
Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs)
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks
url https://bop.unibe.ch/JEMR/article/view/7515
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AT binzheng detectingperformancedifficultyoflearnersincolonoscopyevidencefromeyetracking
AT xiaoqinduan detectingperformancedifficultyoflearnersincolonoscopyevidencefromeyetracking
AT wenjinghe detectingperformancedifficultyoflearnersincolonoscopyevidencefromeyetracking
AT yuandongli detectingperformancedifficultyoflearnersincolonoscopyevidencefromeyetracking
AT jinyuzhao detectingperformancedifficultyoflearnersincolonoscopyevidencefromeyetracking
AT chenzhao detectingperformancedifficultyoflearnersincolonoscopyevidencefromeyetracking
AT linwang detectingperformancedifficultyoflearnersincolonoscopyevidencefromeyetracking