Pragmatist-critical realism as a development studies research paradigm

Pragmatism and critical realism have been proposed as research philosophies that can be used by development studies researchers as alternatives to the dominant but criticized positivism and constructivism. Pragmatism and critical realism themselves have identified shortcomings for which a number of...

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Main Authors: Richard Heeks, P. J. Wall, Mark Graham
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Development Studies Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21665095.2024.2439407
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author Richard Heeks
P. J. Wall
Mark Graham
author_facet Richard Heeks
P. J. Wall
Mark Graham
author_sort Richard Heeks
collection DOAJ
description Pragmatism and critical realism have been proposed as research philosophies that can be used by development studies researchers as alternatives to the dominant but criticized positivism and constructivism. Pragmatism and critical realism themselves have identified shortcomings for which a number of possible responses have been proposed, including the combination of some elements from each. In this paper, we explore what it would mean not to fully integrate the two but to bring together complementary aspects as a new research paradigm: ‘pragmatist-critical realism’. We review the philosophical nature of this complementary form but the main contribution here is to show how it could be operationalized. We outline a four-step operational methodology for pragmatist-critical realism based on the Fairwork action research project that has sought to improve working conditions for platform workers in global South countries. We argue that pragmatist-critical realism could provide a useful foundation for development studies research – particularly action-oriented research – and we encourage other development studies researchers to assess whether it could form a facilitative basis for their future research.
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spelling doaj-art-4e24379815554fd6a8926027acb47cb42025-08-20T01:59:00ZengTaylor & Francis GroupDevelopment Studies Research2166-50952025-12-0112110.1080/21665095.2024.2439407Pragmatist-critical realism as a development studies research paradigmRichard Heeks0P. J. Wall1Mark Graham2Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UKADAPT Centre, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, IrelandOxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKPragmatism and critical realism have been proposed as research philosophies that can be used by development studies researchers as alternatives to the dominant but criticized positivism and constructivism. Pragmatism and critical realism themselves have identified shortcomings for which a number of possible responses have been proposed, including the combination of some elements from each. In this paper, we explore what it would mean not to fully integrate the two but to bring together complementary aspects as a new research paradigm: ‘pragmatist-critical realism’. We review the philosophical nature of this complementary form but the main contribution here is to show how it could be operationalized. We outline a four-step operational methodology for pragmatist-critical realism based on the Fairwork action research project that has sought to improve working conditions for platform workers in global South countries. We argue that pragmatist-critical realism could provide a useful foundation for development studies research – particularly action-oriented research – and we encourage other development studies researchers to assess whether it could form a facilitative basis for their future research.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21665095.2024.2439407Development studiespragmatismcritical realismphilosophymethodology
spellingShingle Richard Heeks
P. J. Wall
Mark Graham
Pragmatist-critical realism as a development studies research paradigm
Development Studies Research
Development studies
pragmatism
critical realism
philosophy
methodology
title Pragmatist-critical realism as a development studies research paradigm
title_full Pragmatist-critical realism as a development studies research paradigm
title_fullStr Pragmatist-critical realism as a development studies research paradigm
title_full_unstemmed Pragmatist-critical realism as a development studies research paradigm
title_short Pragmatist-critical realism as a development studies research paradigm
title_sort pragmatist critical realism as a development studies research paradigm
topic Development studies
pragmatism
critical realism
philosophy
methodology
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21665095.2024.2439407
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