Integrated artificial intelligence in healthcare and the patient’s experience of care

Abstract Healthcare is plagued with many problems that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can ameliorate or sometimes amplify. Regardless, AI is changing the way we reason towards solutions, especially at the frontier of public health applications where autonomous and co-pilot AI integrated systems are no...

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Main Authors: Oluwatosin Ogundare, Tolu Owadokun, Temitope Ogundare, Promise Ekpo, Ha Linh Nguyen, Stephen Bello
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07581-7
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author Oluwatosin Ogundare
Tolu Owadokun
Temitope Ogundare
Promise Ekpo
Ha Linh Nguyen
Stephen Bello
author_facet Oluwatosin Ogundare
Tolu Owadokun
Temitope Ogundare
Promise Ekpo
Ha Linh Nguyen
Stephen Bello
author_sort Oluwatosin Ogundare
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Healthcare is plagued with many problems that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can ameliorate or sometimes amplify. Regardless, AI is changing the way we reason towards solutions, especially at the frontier of public health applications where autonomous and co-pilot AI integrated systems are now rapidly adopted for mainstream use in both clinical and non-clinical settings. In this regard, we present empirical analysis of thematic concerns that affect patients within AI integrated healthcare systems and how the experience of care may be influenced by the degree of AI integration. Furthermore, we present a fairly rigorous mathematical model and adopt prevailing techniques in Machine Learning (ML) to develop models that utilize a patient’s general information and responses to a survey to predict the degree of AI integration that will maximize their experience of care. We model the patient’s experience of care as a continuous random variable on the open interval ( $$-1, 1$$ ) and refer to it as the AI Affinity Score which encapsulates the degree of AI integration that the patient prefers within a chosen healthcare system. We present descriptive statistics of the distribution of the survey responses over key demographic variables viz. Age, Gender, Level of Education as well as a summary of perceived attitudes towards AI integrated healthcare in these categories. We further present the results of statistical tests conducted to determine if the variance across distributions of AI Affinity Scores over the identified groups are statistically significant and further assess the behavior of any independent distribution of AI Affinity Scores using a Bayesian nonparametric model.
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spelling doaj-art-4e22712c1b05421fb2508bab40f8a49f2025-08-20T03:03:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-07581-7Integrated artificial intelligence in healthcare and the patient’s experience of careOluwatosin Ogundare0Tolu Owadokun1Temitope Ogundare2Promise Ekpo3Ha Linh Nguyen4Stephen Bello5Department of Information and Decision Sciences, California State UniversitySAINTPHAREUX Research GroupDepartment of Psychiatry, Boston University School of MedicineDepartment of Computer Science, Cornell UniversityNational Economics UniversitySAINTPHAREUX Research GroupAbstract Healthcare is plagued with many problems that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can ameliorate or sometimes amplify. Regardless, AI is changing the way we reason towards solutions, especially at the frontier of public health applications where autonomous and co-pilot AI integrated systems are now rapidly adopted for mainstream use in both clinical and non-clinical settings. In this regard, we present empirical analysis of thematic concerns that affect patients within AI integrated healthcare systems and how the experience of care may be influenced by the degree of AI integration. Furthermore, we present a fairly rigorous mathematical model and adopt prevailing techniques in Machine Learning (ML) to develop models that utilize a patient’s general information and responses to a survey to predict the degree of AI integration that will maximize their experience of care. We model the patient’s experience of care as a continuous random variable on the open interval ( $$-1, 1$$ ) and refer to it as the AI Affinity Score which encapsulates the degree of AI integration that the patient prefers within a chosen healthcare system. We present descriptive statistics of the distribution of the survey responses over key demographic variables viz. Age, Gender, Level of Education as well as a summary of perceived attitudes towards AI integrated healthcare in these categories. We further present the results of statistical tests conducted to determine if the variance across distributions of AI Affinity Scores over the identified groups are statistically significant and further assess the behavior of any independent distribution of AI Affinity Scores using a Bayesian nonparametric model.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07581-7AI in public healthAI and patient careDeep learning in healthcare
spellingShingle Oluwatosin Ogundare
Tolu Owadokun
Temitope Ogundare
Promise Ekpo
Ha Linh Nguyen
Stephen Bello
Integrated artificial intelligence in healthcare and the patient’s experience of care
Scientific Reports
AI in public health
AI and patient care
Deep learning in healthcare
title Integrated artificial intelligence in healthcare and the patient’s experience of care
title_full Integrated artificial intelligence in healthcare and the patient’s experience of care
title_fullStr Integrated artificial intelligence in healthcare and the patient’s experience of care
title_full_unstemmed Integrated artificial intelligence in healthcare and the patient’s experience of care
title_short Integrated artificial intelligence in healthcare and the patient’s experience of care
title_sort integrated artificial intelligence in healthcare and the patient s experience of care
topic AI in public health
AI and patient care
Deep learning in healthcare
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07581-7
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