Neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine exhibits superior anti-tumor activity compared to synthetic long peptides in an in vivo lung carcinoma model

Abstract Neoantigen vaccines hold great promise in cancer immunotherapy, but the comparative efficacy of different vaccine platforms, particularly in the context of tumor burden (TB), remains insufficiently studied. In this research, we evaluated the safety and therapeutic efficacy of synthetic long...

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Main Authors: Cao Minh Nguyen, Trung T. Vu, Minh Nguyen Nguyen, Thao-Suong Tran-Nguyen, Chi Thien Huynh, Quang Thanh Ha, Hoai-Nghia Nguyen, Le Son Tran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-03-01
Series:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-03992-7
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author Cao Minh Nguyen
Trung T. Vu
Minh Nguyen Nguyen
Thao-Suong Tran-Nguyen
Chi Thien Huynh
Quang Thanh Ha
Hoai-Nghia Nguyen
Le Son Tran
author_facet Cao Minh Nguyen
Trung T. Vu
Minh Nguyen Nguyen
Thao-Suong Tran-Nguyen
Chi Thien Huynh
Quang Thanh Ha
Hoai-Nghia Nguyen
Le Son Tran
author_sort Cao Minh Nguyen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Neoantigen vaccines hold great promise in cancer immunotherapy, but the comparative efficacy of different vaccine platforms, particularly in the context of tumor burden (TB), remains insufficiently studied. In this research, we evaluated the safety and therapeutic efficacy of synthetic long peptide and mRNA-based vaccines, both designed to target identical neoantigens across different Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) tumor burdens. We employed the LLC syngeneic mouse model, a widely used preclinical model for aggressive and immunosuppressive tumors. Our findings demonstrated that the mRNA-based vaccine significantly outperformed the peptide-based vaccine in preventing tumor growth in mice with low TB. These results underscore the potential of mRNA vaccines as a more effective approach for treating aggressive tumors, contributing valuable insights for the future development of neoantigen-based cancer vaccines.
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institution OA Journals
issn 1432-0851
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Springer
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series Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
spelling doaj-art-4e1f32ef549342a78dcc2849791d256e2025-08-20T02:10:14ZengSpringerCancer Immunology, Immunotherapy1432-08512025-03-0174411710.1007/s00262-025-03992-7Neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine exhibits superior anti-tumor activity compared to synthetic long peptides in an in vivo lung carcinoma modelCao Minh Nguyen0Trung T. Vu1Minh Nguyen Nguyen2Thao-Suong Tran-Nguyen3Chi Thien Huynh4Quang Thanh Ha5Hoai-Nghia Nguyen6Le Son Tran7Medical Genetics InstituteMedical Genetics InstituteMedical Genetics InstituteMedical Genetics InstituteBiotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh CityBiotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh CityMedical Genetics InstituteMedical Genetics InstituteAbstract Neoantigen vaccines hold great promise in cancer immunotherapy, but the comparative efficacy of different vaccine platforms, particularly in the context of tumor burden (TB), remains insufficiently studied. In this research, we evaluated the safety and therapeutic efficacy of synthetic long peptide and mRNA-based vaccines, both designed to target identical neoantigens across different Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) tumor burdens. We employed the LLC syngeneic mouse model, a widely used preclinical model for aggressive and immunosuppressive tumors. Our findings demonstrated that the mRNA-based vaccine significantly outperformed the peptide-based vaccine in preventing tumor growth in mice with low TB. These results underscore the potential of mRNA vaccines as a more effective approach for treating aggressive tumors, contributing valuable insights for the future development of neoantigen-based cancer vaccines.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-03992-7Lewis lung carcinomaNeoantigenSynthetic long peptide vaccinemRNA-based vaccinemRNA-LNPsCancer immunotherapy
spellingShingle Cao Minh Nguyen
Trung T. Vu
Minh Nguyen Nguyen
Thao-Suong Tran-Nguyen
Chi Thien Huynh
Quang Thanh Ha
Hoai-Nghia Nguyen
Le Son Tran
Neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine exhibits superior anti-tumor activity compared to synthetic long peptides in an in vivo lung carcinoma model
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Lewis lung carcinoma
Neoantigen
Synthetic long peptide vaccine
mRNA-based vaccine
mRNA-LNPs
Cancer immunotherapy
title Neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine exhibits superior anti-tumor activity compared to synthetic long peptides in an in vivo lung carcinoma model
title_full Neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine exhibits superior anti-tumor activity compared to synthetic long peptides in an in vivo lung carcinoma model
title_fullStr Neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine exhibits superior anti-tumor activity compared to synthetic long peptides in an in vivo lung carcinoma model
title_full_unstemmed Neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine exhibits superior anti-tumor activity compared to synthetic long peptides in an in vivo lung carcinoma model
title_short Neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine exhibits superior anti-tumor activity compared to synthetic long peptides in an in vivo lung carcinoma model
title_sort neoantigen based mrna vaccine exhibits superior anti tumor activity compared to synthetic long peptides in an in vivo lung carcinoma model
topic Lewis lung carcinoma
Neoantigen
Synthetic long peptide vaccine
mRNA-based vaccine
mRNA-LNPs
Cancer immunotherapy
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-03992-7
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