Phosphate fertilization strategies and placement effects on grain crop yields in subtropical no-till Oxisols

ABSTRACT Subtropical Oxisols have a high phosphate adsorption capacity and consequently lower phosphorus (P) availability. Therefore, correct management of phosphate fertilization in grain crop rotations is essential to increase the P-use efficiency and minimize potential environmental impacts. This...

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Main Authors: Andria Paula Lima, Sandra Mara Vieira Fontoura, Renato Paulo de Moraes, Cimélio Bayer, Luke Gatiboni, Tales Tiecher
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 2025-06-01
Series:Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832025000200901&lng=en&tlng=en
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author Andria Paula Lima
Sandra Mara Vieira Fontoura
Renato Paulo de Moraes
Cimélio Bayer
Luke Gatiboni
Tales Tiecher
author_facet Andria Paula Lima
Sandra Mara Vieira Fontoura
Renato Paulo de Moraes
Cimélio Bayer
Luke Gatiboni
Tales Tiecher
author_sort Andria Paula Lima
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Subtropical Oxisols have a high phosphate adsorption capacity and consequently lower phosphorus (P) availability. Therefore, correct management of phosphate fertilization in grain crop rotations is essential to increase the P-use efficiency and minimize potential environmental impacts. This study aimed to evaluate, in soils with medium and high initial P level, fertilization strategies (crop and system fertilization) and placement’s effects (banded P and broadcast) on soil available P, crop yield, and P use efficiency. Two field trials were installed on an Oxisol (Humic Hapludox – Latossolos) cultivated with a crop rotation with corn or soybean in the summer, and cereals in the winter. Crop yield, P use efficiency, and soil available P in the 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers were evaluated during eight growing seasons. Three years of phosphate fertilization increased the P content of the 0.00-0.20 m layer above the critical level (8 mg dm-³) in the soil with medium initial P and maintained the P status above the critical level in the soil with high initial P. The P-rich environment in the 0.00-0.10 m soil layer was sufficient to support high-yield grain crops with low response to fertilization strategies and placement. However, four years of banded P fertilization on high initial P soil resulted in a greater increase in P content in the 0.10-0.20 m layer compared to broadcast P. In the field trial with medium initial available P content, there was a greater response to phosphate fertilization, leading to a significant increase in grain yields when compared to the control treatment with no P, especially for barley (50 % increase). Over four years of evaluation, banded P, regardless of the fertilization strategy (crop or system), proved effective in increasing crop yield (for one crop of black oat and three crops of corn) and P use efficiency (one crop of corn). System fertilization in a high P export environment should be adopted only in soils with available P content above the critical level and after at least four years of using diverse winter cover crops (grass + legume). Otherwise, P fertilization at every sowing (crop fertilization) remains more appropriate for intense grain production systems.
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spelling doaj-art-4e1d006ec07e4a569b4650ca58418d632025-08-20T03:21:33ZengSociedade Brasileira de Ciência do SoloRevista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo1806-96572025-06-0149spe110.36783/18069657rbcs20240071Phosphate fertilization strategies and placement effects on grain crop yields in subtropical no-till OxisolsAndria Paula Limahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8921-1338Sandra Mara Vieira Fontourahttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-5124-8745Renato Paulo de Moraeshttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-7172-5339Cimélio Bayerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8553-7330Luke Gatibonihttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8724-3600Tales Tiecherhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-2849ABSTRACT Subtropical Oxisols have a high phosphate adsorption capacity and consequently lower phosphorus (P) availability. Therefore, correct management of phosphate fertilization in grain crop rotations is essential to increase the P-use efficiency and minimize potential environmental impacts. This study aimed to evaluate, in soils with medium and high initial P level, fertilization strategies (crop and system fertilization) and placement’s effects (banded P and broadcast) on soil available P, crop yield, and P use efficiency. Two field trials were installed on an Oxisol (Humic Hapludox – Latossolos) cultivated with a crop rotation with corn or soybean in the summer, and cereals in the winter. Crop yield, P use efficiency, and soil available P in the 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers were evaluated during eight growing seasons. Three years of phosphate fertilization increased the P content of the 0.00-0.20 m layer above the critical level (8 mg dm-³) in the soil with medium initial P and maintained the P status above the critical level in the soil with high initial P. The P-rich environment in the 0.00-0.10 m soil layer was sufficient to support high-yield grain crops with low response to fertilization strategies and placement. However, four years of banded P fertilization on high initial P soil resulted in a greater increase in P content in the 0.10-0.20 m layer compared to broadcast P. In the field trial with medium initial available P content, there was a greater response to phosphate fertilization, leading to a significant increase in grain yields when compared to the control treatment with no P, especially for barley (50 % increase). Over four years of evaluation, banded P, regardless of the fertilization strategy (crop or system), proved effective in increasing crop yield (for one crop of black oat and three crops of corn) and P use efficiency (one crop of corn). System fertilization in a high P export environment should be adopted only in soils with available P content above the critical level and after at least four years of using diverse winter cover crops (grass + legume). Otherwise, P fertilization at every sowing (crop fertilization) remains more appropriate for intense grain production systems.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832025000200901&lng=en&tlng=enphosphate fertilizationP availabilityno-tillnutrient managementcrop productionphosphorus placement
spellingShingle Andria Paula Lima
Sandra Mara Vieira Fontoura
Renato Paulo de Moraes
Cimélio Bayer
Luke Gatiboni
Tales Tiecher
Phosphate fertilization strategies and placement effects on grain crop yields in subtropical no-till Oxisols
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
phosphate fertilization
P availability
no-till
nutrient management
crop production
phosphorus placement
title Phosphate fertilization strategies and placement effects on grain crop yields in subtropical no-till Oxisols
title_full Phosphate fertilization strategies and placement effects on grain crop yields in subtropical no-till Oxisols
title_fullStr Phosphate fertilization strategies and placement effects on grain crop yields in subtropical no-till Oxisols
title_full_unstemmed Phosphate fertilization strategies and placement effects on grain crop yields in subtropical no-till Oxisols
title_short Phosphate fertilization strategies and placement effects on grain crop yields in subtropical no-till Oxisols
title_sort phosphate fertilization strategies and placement effects on grain crop yields in subtropical no till oxisols
topic phosphate fertilization
P availability
no-till
nutrient management
crop production
phosphorus placement
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832025000200901&lng=en&tlng=en
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