Adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles exacerbate diabetic ischemic heart injury by promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis
Background: Diabetes increases ischemic heart injury via incompletely understood mechanisms. We recently reported that diabetic adipocytes-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) exacerbate myocardial reperfusion (MI/R) injury by promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Combining in vitro mechanistic i...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Redox Biology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221323172400421X |
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| author | Lu Gan Jianli Zhao Peng Yao Theodore A. Christopher Bernard Lopez Wayne B. Lau Walter Koch Erhe Gao Xinliang Ma Yajing Wang |
| author_facet | Lu Gan Jianli Zhao Peng Yao Theodore A. Christopher Bernard Lopez Wayne B. Lau Walter Koch Erhe Gao Xinliang Ma Yajing Wang |
| author_sort | Lu Gan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Diabetes increases ischemic heart injury via incompletely understood mechanisms. We recently reported that diabetic adipocytes-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) exacerbate myocardial reperfusion (MI/R) injury by promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Combining in vitro mechanistic investigation and in vivo proof-concept demonstration, we determined the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for diabetic sEV-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI/R. Methods and results: Adult mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. sEV were isolated from plasma or epididymal adipose tissue. HFD significantly increased the number and size of plasma- and adipocyte-derived sEV. Intramyocardial injection of an equal number of diabetic plasma sEV in nondiabetic hearts significantly increased cardiac apoptosis and exacerbated MI/R-induced cardiac dysfunction. Diabetic plasma sEV significantly activated cardiac caspase 9 but not caspase 8, suggesting that diabetic sEV induces cardiac apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. These pathologic alterations were phenotyped by intramyocardial injection of sEV isolated from diabetic adipocytes or HGHL-challenged 3T3L1 adipocytes. To obtain direct evidence that diabetic sEV promotes cardiomyocyte apoptotic cell death, isolated neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs) were treated with sEV and subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R). Treatment of cardiomyocytes with sEV from diabetic plasma, diabetic adipocytes, or HGHL-challenged 3T3L1 adipocytes significantly enhanced SI/R-induced apoptosis and reduced cell viability. These pathologic effects were replicated by a miR-130b-3p (a molecule increased dramatically in diabetic sEV) mimic and blocked by a miRb-130b-3p inhibitor. Molecular studies identified PGC-1α (i.e. PGC-1α1/-a) as the direct downstream target of miR-130b-3p, whose downregulation causes mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Finally, treatment with diabetic adipocyte-derived sEV or a miR-130b-3p mimic significantly enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in SI/R cardiomyocytes. Conversely, treatment with a miR-130b-3p inhibitor or overexpression of PGC-1α extremely attenuated diabetic sEV-induced ROS production. Conclusion: We obtained the first evidence that diabetic sEV promotes oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptotic cell death, exacerbating MI/R injury. These pathological phenotypes were mediated by miR-130b-3p-induced suppression of PGC-1α expression and subsequent mitochondrial ROS production. Targeting miR-130b-3p mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis may be a novel strategy for attenuating diabetic exacerbation of MI/R injury. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4e05a99c71924ed2b190eaceba191f90 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2213-2317 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Redox Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-4e05a99c71924ed2b190eaceba191f902025-01-14T04:12:04ZengElsevierRedox Biology2213-23172025-02-0179103443Adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles exacerbate diabetic ischemic heart injury by promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosisLu Gan0Jianli Zhao1Peng Yao2Theodore A. Christopher3Bernard Lopez4Wayne B. Lau5Walter Koch6Erhe Gao7Xinliang Ma8Yajing Wang9Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Corresponding author.Department of Biomedical Engineering, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Cardiovascular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Cardiovascular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA; Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical Engineering, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA.Background: Diabetes increases ischemic heart injury via incompletely understood mechanisms. We recently reported that diabetic adipocytes-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) exacerbate myocardial reperfusion (MI/R) injury by promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Combining in vitro mechanistic investigation and in vivo proof-concept demonstration, we determined the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for diabetic sEV-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI/R. Methods and results: Adult mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. sEV were isolated from plasma or epididymal adipose tissue. HFD significantly increased the number and size of plasma- and adipocyte-derived sEV. Intramyocardial injection of an equal number of diabetic plasma sEV in nondiabetic hearts significantly increased cardiac apoptosis and exacerbated MI/R-induced cardiac dysfunction. Diabetic plasma sEV significantly activated cardiac caspase 9 but not caspase 8, suggesting that diabetic sEV induces cardiac apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. These pathologic alterations were phenotyped by intramyocardial injection of sEV isolated from diabetic adipocytes or HGHL-challenged 3T3L1 adipocytes. To obtain direct evidence that diabetic sEV promotes cardiomyocyte apoptotic cell death, isolated neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs) were treated with sEV and subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R). Treatment of cardiomyocytes with sEV from diabetic plasma, diabetic adipocytes, or HGHL-challenged 3T3L1 adipocytes significantly enhanced SI/R-induced apoptosis and reduced cell viability. These pathologic effects were replicated by a miR-130b-3p (a molecule increased dramatically in diabetic sEV) mimic and blocked by a miRb-130b-3p inhibitor. Molecular studies identified PGC-1α (i.e. PGC-1α1/-a) as the direct downstream target of miR-130b-3p, whose downregulation causes mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Finally, treatment with diabetic adipocyte-derived sEV or a miR-130b-3p mimic significantly enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in SI/R cardiomyocytes. Conversely, treatment with a miR-130b-3p inhibitor or overexpression of PGC-1α extremely attenuated diabetic sEV-induced ROS production. Conclusion: We obtained the first evidence that diabetic sEV promotes oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptotic cell death, exacerbating MI/R injury. These pathological phenotypes were mediated by miR-130b-3p-induced suppression of PGC-1α expression and subsequent mitochondrial ROS production. Targeting miR-130b-3p mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis may be a novel strategy for attenuating diabetic exacerbation of MI/R injury.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221323172400421XApoptosisDiabetesExtracellular vesicleMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury |
| spellingShingle | Lu Gan Jianli Zhao Peng Yao Theodore A. Christopher Bernard Lopez Wayne B. Lau Walter Koch Erhe Gao Xinliang Ma Yajing Wang Adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles exacerbate diabetic ischemic heart injury by promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis Redox Biology Apoptosis Diabetes Extracellular vesicle Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury |
| title | Adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles exacerbate diabetic ischemic heart injury by promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis |
| title_full | Adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles exacerbate diabetic ischemic heart injury by promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis |
| title_fullStr | Adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles exacerbate diabetic ischemic heart injury by promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles exacerbate diabetic ischemic heart injury by promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis |
| title_short | Adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles exacerbate diabetic ischemic heart injury by promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis |
| title_sort | adipocyte derived small extracellular vesicles exacerbate diabetic ischemic heart injury by promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis |
| topic | Apoptosis Diabetes Extracellular vesicle Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221323172400421X |
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