Longitudinal study on foot and mouth disease virus in Arunachali yak and yak – cattle hybrid
This is the first longitudinal report on the Arunachali yak and yak-cattle hybrids of India, exhibiting the prevalence of antibodies against the structural proteins (SPs) and non-structural proteins (NSPs) of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus from 2020 to 2023 in the West Kameng district of Arunac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Indian Council of Agricultural Research
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Animal Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAnS/article/view/157420 |
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| author | MOKHTAR HUSSAIN SNEHA BHOWMICK DINAMANI MEDHI S S BEGUM S SUBRAMANIAM R P SINGH MIHIR SARKAR |
| author_facet | MOKHTAR HUSSAIN SNEHA BHOWMICK DINAMANI MEDHI S S BEGUM S SUBRAMANIAM R P SINGH MIHIR SARKAR |
| author_sort | MOKHTAR HUSSAIN |
| collection | DOAJ |
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This is the first longitudinal report on the Arunachali yak and yak-cattle hybrids of India, exhibiting the prevalence of antibodies against the structural proteins (SPs) and non-structural proteins (NSPs) of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus from 2020 to 2023 in the West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh. Of the 1,160 samples, 145 (12.5%) were tested positive for anti-NSP antibody detection. The results showed a declining trend in seroprevalence, with rates of 56.36% in 2020, 44.16% in 2021, 13.76% in 2022, and 3.24% in 2023. Additionally, anti-SP antibody test demonstrated a sharp increase in protective antibody titer in both pre- and post-vaccinated animals starting in 2022. The analysis revealed protection levels of 73.73% (serotype O), 68.95% (serotype A), and 68.65% (serotype Asia 1). Additionally, following multiple vaccination rounds, the percentage of antibodies that are considered protective
increased significantly, rising from 31.48% in 2021 to 99.85% in 2023. These findings suggest that while immunity to all serotypes improved over time, NSP seroprevalence remained low with no evidence of an outbreak or clinical infection. Although yak species are not currently covered under the National FMD Control Programme, those kept in organized farms are regularly vaccinated. This vaccination effort needs to be extended to field populations to better protect these species.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4e02e4ba70ce4a228fc60afa5bddcbc2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0367-8318 2394-3327 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Indian Council of Agricultural Research |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Animal Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-4e02e4ba70ce4a228fc60afa5bddcbc22025-08-20T01:53:37ZengIndian Council of Agricultural ResearchIndian Journal of Animal Sciences0367-83182394-33272025-02-0195110.56093/ijans.v95i1.157420Longitudinal study on foot and mouth disease virus in Arunachali yak and yak – cattle hybridMOKHTAR HUSSAIN0SNEHA BHOWMICK1DINAMANI MEDHI2S S BEGUM3S SUBRAMANIAM4R P SINGH5MIHIR SARKAR6ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, Dirang, Arunachal PradeshICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, Dirang, Arunachal PradeshICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, Dirang, Arunachal PradeshCollege of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Arrabari, Kishanganj, BiharICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, BhubaneswarICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, BhubaneswarICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh 790 101 India This is the first longitudinal report on the Arunachali yak and yak-cattle hybrids of India, exhibiting the prevalence of antibodies against the structural proteins (SPs) and non-structural proteins (NSPs) of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus from 2020 to 2023 in the West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh. Of the 1,160 samples, 145 (12.5%) were tested positive for anti-NSP antibody detection. The results showed a declining trend in seroprevalence, with rates of 56.36% in 2020, 44.16% in 2021, 13.76% in 2022, and 3.24% in 2023. Additionally, anti-SP antibody test demonstrated a sharp increase in protective antibody titer in both pre- and post-vaccinated animals starting in 2022. The analysis revealed protection levels of 73.73% (serotype O), 68.95% (serotype A), and 68.65% (serotype Asia 1). Additionally, following multiple vaccination rounds, the percentage of antibodies that are considered protective increased significantly, rising from 31.48% in 2021 to 99.85% in 2023. These findings suggest that while immunity to all serotypes improved over time, NSP seroprevalence remained low with no evidence of an outbreak or clinical infection. Although yak species are not currently covered under the National FMD Control Programme, those kept in organized farms are regularly vaccinated. This vaccination effort needs to be extended to field populations to better protect these species. https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAnS/article/view/157420Arunachal Pradesh, Arunachali yak, DIVA, Foot and Mouth disease, SPC-ELISA |
| spellingShingle | MOKHTAR HUSSAIN SNEHA BHOWMICK DINAMANI MEDHI S S BEGUM S SUBRAMANIAM R P SINGH MIHIR SARKAR Longitudinal study on foot and mouth disease virus in Arunachali yak and yak – cattle hybrid Indian Journal of Animal Sciences Arunachal Pradesh, Arunachali yak, DIVA, Foot and Mouth disease, SPC-ELISA |
| title | Longitudinal study on foot and mouth disease virus in Arunachali yak and yak – cattle hybrid |
| title_full | Longitudinal study on foot and mouth disease virus in Arunachali yak and yak – cattle hybrid |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal study on foot and mouth disease virus in Arunachali yak and yak – cattle hybrid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal study on foot and mouth disease virus in Arunachali yak and yak – cattle hybrid |
| title_short | Longitudinal study on foot and mouth disease virus in Arunachali yak and yak – cattle hybrid |
| title_sort | longitudinal study on foot and mouth disease virus in arunachali yak and yak cattle hybrid |
| topic | Arunachal Pradesh, Arunachali yak, DIVA, Foot and Mouth disease, SPC-ELISA |
| url | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAnS/article/view/157420 |
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