Clinical Implications of Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer Immunotherapy
Inhibiting the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) signaling axis reinvigorates the antitumor immune response with remarkable clinical efficacy. Yet, low response rates limit the benefits of immunotherapy to a minority of patients. Recent studies have explo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8839978 |
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| author | Sergio Ayala-Mar Javier Donoso-Quezada José González-Valdez |
| author_facet | Sergio Ayala-Mar Javier Donoso-Quezada José González-Valdez |
| author_sort | Sergio Ayala-Mar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inhibiting the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) signaling axis reinvigorates the antitumor immune response with remarkable clinical efficacy. Yet, low response rates limit the benefits of immunotherapy to a minority of patients. Recent studies have explored the importance of PD-L1 as a transmembrane protein in exosomes and have revealed exosomal PD-L1 as a mechanism of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy resistance. Exosomal PD-L1 suppresses T cell effector function, induces systemic immunosuppression, and transfers functional PD-L1 across the tumor microenvironment (TME). Because of its significant contribution to immune escape, exosomal PD-L1 has been proposed as a biomarker to predict immunotherapy response and to assess therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize the immunological mechanisms of exosomal PD-L1, focusing on the factors that lead to exosome biogenesis and release. Next, we review the effect of exosomal PD-L1 on T cell function and its role across the TME. In addition, we discuss the latest findings on the use of exosomal PD-L1 as a biomarker for cancer immunotherapy. Throughout this review, we propose exosomal PD-L1 as a critical mediator of tumor progression and highlight the clinical implications that follow for immuno-oncology, discussing the potential to target exosomes to advance cancer treatment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4e0223ed745740a7a2b595ac4ab7a801 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-4e0223ed745740a7a2b595ac4ab7a8012025-08-20T03:36:41ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562021-01-01202110.1155/2021/88399788839978Clinical Implications of Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer ImmunotherapySergio Ayala-Mar0Javier Donoso-Quezada1José González-Valdez2Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL, MexicoInhibiting the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) signaling axis reinvigorates the antitumor immune response with remarkable clinical efficacy. Yet, low response rates limit the benefits of immunotherapy to a minority of patients. Recent studies have explored the importance of PD-L1 as a transmembrane protein in exosomes and have revealed exosomal PD-L1 as a mechanism of tumor immune escape and immunotherapy resistance. Exosomal PD-L1 suppresses T cell effector function, induces systemic immunosuppression, and transfers functional PD-L1 across the tumor microenvironment (TME). Because of its significant contribution to immune escape, exosomal PD-L1 has been proposed as a biomarker to predict immunotherapy response and to assess therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize the immunological mechanisms of exosomal PD-L1, focusing on the factors that lead to exosome biogenesis and release. Next, we review the effect of exosomal PD-L1 on T cell function and its role across the TME. In addition, we discuss the latest findings on the use of exosomal PD-L1 as a biomarker for cancer immunotherapy. Throughout this review, we propose exosomal PD-L1 as a critical mediator of tumor progression and highlight the clinical implications that follow for immuno-oncology, discussing the potential to target exosomes to advance cancer treatment.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8839978 |
| spellingShingle | Sergio Ayala-Mar Javier Donoso-Quezada José González-Valdez Clinical Implications of Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer Immunotherapy Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Clinical Implications of Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_full | Clinical Implications of Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_fullStr | Clinical Implications of Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Implications of Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_short | Clinical Implications of Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_sort | clinical implications of exosomal pd l1 in cancer immunotherapy |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8839978 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sergioayalamar clinicalimplicationsofexosomalpdl1incancerimmunotherapy AT javierdonosoquezada clinicalimplicationsofexosomalpdl1incancerimmunotherapy AT josegonzalezvaldez clinicalimplicationsofexosomalpdl1incancerimmunotherapy |