Interaction Between Microbiota and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and New Therapeutic Opportunities
ABSTRACT The microbiota is pivotal for our health. It includes different phyla like Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The interaction between microbiota and immunity shares a bidirectional relationship. The microbiota helps to stimulate imm...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-07-01
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| Series: | MedComm |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70265 |
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| author | Jingjing Zeng Zimeng He Guoqing Wang Yuxin Ma Feng Zhang |
| author_facet | Jingjing Zeng Zimeng He Guoqing Wang Yuxin Ma Feng Zhang |
| author_sort | Jingjing Zeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT The microbiota is pivotal for our health. It includes different phyla like Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The interaction between microbiota and immunity shares a bidirectional relationship. The microbiota helps to stimulate immunity development. The immunity influences microbial composition in turn. This interaction is critical for maintaining homeostasis, preventing pathogen invasion, and regulating the immune system. Furthermore, this symbiotic relationship is crucial for maintaining overall health and preventing various diseases. The microbiota–immune system contributes to immune system maturation, while the immune system selects for beneficial microbiota composition, thus enhancing our immunity. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of the interaction between microbiota and immunity, offering solid evidence for the role of microbiota in immune regulation. Notably, the review categorizes microbiota according to phyla and explains disease associations, molecular effectors, and functional outcomes about the microbiota–immune system. We also introduced three core molecular mechanisms of the microbiota–immune systems. Moreover, we detail the progression from target discovery to clinical trial design for bacterial and immune‐related diseases. Finally, we propose four therapeutic strategies for diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4e01ceae3a3d48aea9f357abd8b28d3f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2688-2663 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | MedComm |
| spelling | doaj-art-4e01ceae3a3d48aea9f357abd8b28d3f2025-08-20T02:39:24ZengWileyMedComm2688-26632025-07-0167n/an/a10.1002/mco2.70265Interaction Between Microbiota and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and New Therapeutic OpportunitiesJingjing Zeng0Zimeng He1Guoqing Wang2Yuxin Ma3Feng Zhang4Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou ChinaKey Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou ChinaKey Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou ChinaKey Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou ChinaKey Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou ChinaABSTRACT The microbiota is pivotal for our health. It includes different phyla like Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The interaction between microbiota and immunity shares a bidirectional relationship. The microbiota helps to stimulate immunity development. The immunity influences microbial composition in turn. This interaction is critical for maintaining homeostasis, preventing pathogen invasion, and regulating the immune system. Furthermore, this symbiotic relationship is crucial for maintaining overall health and preventing various diseases. The microbiota–immune system contributes to immune system maturation, while the immune system selects for beneficial microbiota composition, thus enhancing our immunity. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of the interaction between microbiota and immunity, offering solid evidence for the role of microbiota in immune regulation. Notably, the review categorizes microbiota according to phyla and explains disease associations, molecular effectors, and functional outcomes about the microbiota–immune system. We also introduced three core molecular mechanisms of the microbiota–immune systems. Moreover, we detail the progression from target discovery to clinical trial design for bacterial and immune‐related diseases. Finally, we propose four therapeutic strategies for diseases.https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70265microbiotaimmunitymolecular mechanismsbiological functionsdiseasesnew therapeutic opportunities |
| spellingShingle | Jingjing Zeng Zimeng He Guoqing Wang Yuxin Ma Feng Zhang Interaction Between Microbiota and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and New Therapeutic Opportunities MedComm microbiota immunity molecular mechanisms biological functions diseases new therapeutic opportunities |
| title | Interaction Between Microbiota and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and New Therapeutic Opportunities |
| title_full | Interaction Between Microbiota and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and New Therapeutic Opportunities |
| title_fullStr | Interaction Between Microbiota and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and New Therapeutic Opportunities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interaction Between Microbiota and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and New Therapeutic Opportunities |
| title_short | Interaction Between Microbiota and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and New Therapeutic Opportunities |
| title_sort | interaction between microbiota and immunity molecular mechanisms biological functions diseases and new therapeutic opportunities |
| topic | microbiota immunity molecular mechanisms biological functions diseases new therapeutic opportunities |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70265 |
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