Integrated Management of Tomato Fusarium Wilt: Ultrastructure Insights into Zn Nanoparticles and Phytohormone Applications
Fusarium wilt (FW), induced by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, poses a significant threat to global tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) production, leading to substantial yield reduction. This study investigated the anatomical and ultrastructural responses of tomato leaves to...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Yasmin M. Heikal Amal M. Albahi Amal A. Alyamani Hala M. Abdelmigid Samia A. Haroun Hoda M. Soliman |
| author_facet | Yasmin M. Heikal Amal M. Albahi Amal A. Alyamani Hala M. Abdelmigid Samia A. Haroun Hoda M. Soliman |
| author_sort | Yasmin M. Heikal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fusarium wilt (FW), induced by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, poses a significant threat to global tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) production, leading to substantial yield reduction. This study investigated the anatomical and ultrastructural responses of tomato leaves to FW infection and assessed the efficacy of salicylic acid (SA), humic acid (HA), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as control and inducer agents. FW infection resulted in notable structural alterations, including decreased leaf blade and mesophyll thickness and increased Adaxial epidermal cell wall thickness, thereby disrupting the leaf structure. Also, it caused severe chloroplast damage, such as membrane detachment and a reduced count of starch granules, which could impair photosynthetic efficiency. The different treatments exhibited significant effectiveness in reversing these adverse effects, leading to increased thickness of the leaf blade, mesophyll, palisade, and spongy tissues and enhanced structural integrity. Furthermore, ultrastructural improvements included activated mitochondria, compact chloroplasts with increased numbers, and proliferation of plastoglobuli, indicating adaptive metabolic changes. Principal component analysis (PCA-biplot) highlighted the significant parameters distinguishing treatment groups, providing insights into trait-based differentiation. This study concluded the potential of SA, HA, and ZnO-NPs as sustainable solutions for managing Fusarium wilt and enhancing tomato plant resilience, thereby contributing to improved agricultural practices and food security. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4dff57522d5944598e680623270df95e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-4dff57522d5944598e680623270df95e2025-08-20T03:58:26ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-07-011414105510.3390/cells14141055Integrated Management of Tomato Fusarium Wilt: Ultrastructure Insights into Zn Nanoparticles and Phytohormone ApplicationsYasmin M. Heikal0Amal M. Albahi1Amal A. Alyamani2Hala M. Abdelmigid3Samia A. Haroun4Hoda M. Soliman5Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptFusarium wilt (FW), induced by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, poses a significant threat to global tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) production, leading to substantial yield reduction. This study investigated the anatomical and ultrastructural responses of tomato leaves to FW infection and assessed the efficacy of salicylic acid (SA), humic acid (HA), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as control and inducer agents. FW infection resulted in notable structural alterations, including decreased leaf blade and mesophyll thickness and increased Adaxial epidermal cell wall thickness, thereby disrupting the leaf structure. Also, it caused severe chloroplast damage, such as membrane detachment and a reduced count of starch granules, which could impair photosynthetic efficiency. The different treatments exhibited significant effectiveness in reversing these adverse effects, leading to increased thickness of the leaf blade, mesophyll, palisade, and spongy tissues and enhanced structural integrity. Furthermore, ultrastructural improvements included activated mitochondria, compact chloroplasts with increased numbers, and proliferation of plastoglobuli, indicating adaptive metabolic changes. Principal component analysis (PCA-biplot) highlighted the significant parameters distinguishing treatment groups, providing insights into trait-based differentiation. This study concluded the potential of SA, HA, and ZnO-NPs as sustainable solutions for managing Fusarium wilt and enhancing tomato plant resilience, thereby contributing to improved agricultural practices and food security.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1055wilt disease<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i><i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>control strategiesanatomical adaptationsultrastructural changes |
| spellingShingle | Yasmin M. Heikal Amal M. Albahi Amal A. Alyamani Hala M. Abdelmigid Samia A. Haroun Hoda M. Soliman Integrated Management of Tomato Fusarium Wilt: Ultrastructure Insights into Zn Nanoparticles and Phytohormone Applications Cells wilt disease <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> control strategies anatomical adaptations ultrastructural changes |
| title | Integrated Management of Tomato Fusarium Wilt: Ultrastructure Insights into Zn Nanoparticles and Phytohormone Applications |
| title_full | Integrated Management of Tomato Fusarium Wilt: Ultrastructure Insights into Zn Nanoparticles and Phytohormone Applications |
| title_fullStr | Integrated Management of Tomato Fusarium Wilt: Ultrastructure Insights into Zn Nanoparticles and Phytohormone Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Management of Tomato Fusarium Wilt: Ultrastructure Insights into Zn Nanoparticles and Phytohormone Applications |
| title_short | Integrated Management of Tomato Fusarium Wilt: Ultrastructure Insights into Zn Nanoparticles and Phytohormone Applications |
| title_sort | integrated management of tomato fusarium wilt ultrastructure insights into zn nanoparticles and phytohormone applications |
| topic | wilt disease <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> control strategies anatomical adaptations ultrastructural changes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/14/1055 |
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