Moisture prediction in chicken litter using hyperspectral data and machine learning

Efficient moisture monitoring in chicken litter is essential for sustainable poultry waste management and its application as an organic fertilizer. Conventional methods like oven drying are destructive, time-consuming, and unsuitable for real-time assessment. While hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has be...

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Main Authors: Ahmad Tulsi, Abdul Momin, Victoria Ayres
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Smart Agricultural Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375525002916
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author Ahmad Tulsi
Abdul Momin
Victoria Ayres
author_facet Ahmad Tulsi
Abdul Momin
Victoria Ayres
author_sort Ahmad Tulsi
collection DOAJ
description Efficient moisture monitoring in chicken litter is essential for sustainable poultry waste management and its application as an organic fertilizer. Conventional methods like oven drying are destructive, time-consuming, and unsuitable for real-time assessment. While hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been widely applied in agricultural sensing, its use for non-destructive moisture estimation in chicken litter remains largely unexplored. This study addresses that gap by evaluating the feasibility of combining HSI with machine learning models to predict moisture content in chicken litter. We employed two modeling approaches: Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), to assess performance using raw spectral data and under three preprocessing techniques designed to enhance data quality: Moving Average (MA), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), and Standard Normal Variate (SNV). XGBoost performed best on raw data (R² = 0.97, RMSE = 1.01), while PLSR improved notably with preprocessing, especially MA (R² = 0.92, RMSE = 1.56). These results reveal a key insight: preprocessing enhances linear model accuracy but may suppress critical non-linear patterns needed by tree-based models like XGBoost. Additionally, spatial visualization of moisture distribution across composting stages demonstrated the added value of HSI in characterizing heterogeneous organic materials. This study introduces a novel framework integrating HSI and machine learning for fast, non-destructive moisture assessment in poultry litter. It establishes a baseline for future work exploring deep learning, feature importance analysis, and multi-modal fusion to further improve accuracy and generalizability across diverse agricultural waste conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-4df3af79775a4958b5b0bc138e44c5882025-08-20T02:32:23ZengElsevierSmart Agricultural Technology2772-37552025-08-011110105810.1016/j.atech.2025.101058Moisture prediction in chicken litter using hyperspectral data and machine learningAhmad Tulsi0Abdul Momin1Victoria Ayres2School of Agriculture, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA; School of Environmental Studies, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USASchool of Agriculture, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA; Corresponding author.School of Agriculture, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USAEfficient moisture monitoring in chicken litter is essential for sustainable poultry waste management and its application as an organic fertilizer. Conventional methods like oven drying are destructive, time-consuming, and unsuitable for real-time assessment. While hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been widely applied in agricultural sensing, its use for non-destructive moisture estimation in chicken litter remains largely unexplored. This study addresses that gap by evaluating the feasibility of combining HSI with machine learning models to predict moisture content in chicken litter. We employed two modeling approaches: Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), to assess performance using raw spectral data and under three preprocessing techniques designed to enhance data quality: Moving Average (MA), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), and Standard Normal Variate (SNV). XGBoost performed best on raw data (R² = 0.97, RMSE = 1.01), while PLSR improved notably with preprocessing, especially MA (R² = 0.92, RMSE = 1.56). These results reveal a key insight: preprocessing enhances linear model accuracy but may suppress critical non-linear patterns needed by tree-based models like XGBoost. Additionally, spatial visualization of moisture distribution across composting stages demonstrated the added value of HSI in characterizing heterogeneous organic materials. This study introduces a novel framework integrating HSI and machine learning for fast, non-destructive moisture assessment in poultry litter. It establishes a baseline for future work exploring deep learning, feature importance analysis, and multi-modal fusion to further improve accuracy and generalizability across diverse agricultural waste conditions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375525002916Moisture predictionSpectral data analysisNon-destructive testingPoultry waste management
spellingShingle Ahmad Tulsi
Abdul Momin
Victoria Ayres
Moisture prediction in chicken litter using hyperspectral data and machine learning
Smart Agricultural Technology
Moisture prediction
Spectral data analysis
Non-destructive testing
Poultry waste management
title Moisture prediction in chicken litter using hyperspectral data and machine learning
title_full Moisture prediction in chicken litter using hyperspectral data and machine learning
title_fullStr Moisture prediction in chicken litter using hyperspectral data and machine learning
title_full_unstemmed Moisture prediction in chicken litter using hyperspectral data and machine learning
title_short Moisture prediction in chicken litter using hyperspectral data and machine learning
title_sort moisture prediction in chicken litter using hyperspectral data and machine learning
topic Moisture prediction
Spectral data analysis
Non-destructive testing
Poultry waste management
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375525002916
work_keys_str_mv AT ahmadtulsi moisturepredictioninchickenlitterusinghyperspectraldataandmachinelearning
AT abdulmomin moisturepredictioninchickenlitterusinghyperspectraldataandmachinelearning
AT victoriaayres moisturepredictioninchickenlitterusinghyperspectraldataandmachinelearning