Sulfonated polystyrene foam waste as an efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts type reactions
Abstract The catalytic efficiency of sulfonated polystyrene foam waste (SPS) and sulfonated gamma alumina (SGA) in Friedel-Crafts type reactions was compared. All of the materials were studied using the state-of-the-art characterization techniques. SPS was found to carry a higher load of -SO3H funct...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83968-2 |
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| author | Behrang Moazzen Roya Kamrouz Alireza Khorshidi |
| author_facet | Behrang Moazzen Roya Kamrouz Alireza Khorshidi |
| author_sort | Behrang Moazzen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The catalytic efficiency of sulfonated polystyrene foam waste (SPS) and sulfonated gamma alumina (SGA) in Friedel-Crafts type reactions was compared. All of the materials were studied using the state-of-the-art characterization techniques. SPS was found to carry a higher load of -SO3H functional groups (1.62 mmol H+ per g) compared to SGA (1.23 mmol H+ per g), contributing to its slightly higher efficiency in the regioselective ring-opening of 2-(phenoxymethyl)oxirane with indole. Under mild and solvent-free conditions, SPS catalyzed the reaction of various indoles and oxiranes (9 examples) with acceptable yields (55–99%). The catalyst’s efficiency was further validated in synthesizing various bis(indolyl)methanes (8 examples, 88–99% yield). Recyclability tests confirmed the stability of SPS over multiple cycles, maintaining significant catalytic activity. This study highlights the potential of SPS as a sustainable and efficient catalyst, offering a greener alternative to conventional methods and promoting the valorization of plastic waste in organic synthesis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4dec1b4879d847a7b02627a255bd9336 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-4dec1b4879d847a7b02627a255bd93362025-01-05T12:13:53ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111110.1038/s41598-024-83968-2Sulfonated polystyrene foam waste as an efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts type reactionsBehrang Moazzen0Roya Kamrouz1Alireza Khorshidi2Faculty of Chemistry, University of GuilanFaculty of Chemistry, University of GuilanFaculty of Chemistry, University of GuilanAbstract The catalytic efficiency of sulfonated polystyrene foam waste (SPS) and sulfonated gamma alumina (SGA) in Friedel-Crafts type reactions was compared. All of the materials were studied using the state-of-the-art characterization techniques. SPS was found to carry a higher load of -SO3H functional groups (1.62 mmol H+ per g) compared to SGA (1.23 mmol H+ per g), contributing to its slightly higher efficiency in the regioselective ring-opening of 2-(phenoxymethyl)oxirane with indole. Under mild and solvent-free conditions, SPS catalyzed the reaction of various indoles and oxiranes (9 examples) with acceptable yields (55–99%). The catalyst’s efficiency was further validated in synthesizing various bis(indolyl)methanes (8 examples, 88–99% yield). Recyclability tests confirmed the stability of SPS over multiple cycles, maintaining significant catalytic activity. This study highlights the potential of SPS as a sustainable and efficient catalyst, offering a greener alternative to conventional methods and promoting the valorization of plastic waste in organic synthesis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83968-2Polystyrene foam wasteFunctionalizationFriedel-crafts type reactionIndoleOxirane |
| spellingShingle | Behrang Moazzen Roya Kamrouz Alireza Khorshidi Sulfonated polystyrene foam waste as an efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts type reactions Scientific Reports Polystyrene foam waste Functionalization Friedel-crafts type reaction Indole Oxirane |
| title | Sulfonated polystyrene foam waste as an efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts type reactions |
| title_full | Sulfonated polystyrene foam waste as an efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts type reactions |
| title_fullStr | Sulfonated polystyrene foam waste as an efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts type reactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sulfonated polystyrene foam waste as an efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts type reactions |
| title_short | Sulfonated polystyrene foam waste as an efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts type reactions |
| title_sort | sulfonated polystyrene foam waste as an efficient catalyst for friedel crafts type reactions |
| topic | Polystyrene foam waste Functionalization Friedel-crafts type reaction Indole Oxirane |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83968-2 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT behrangmoazzen sulfonatedpolystyrenefoamwasteasanefficientcatalystforfriedelcraftstypereactions AT royakamrouz sulfonatedpolystyrenefoamwasteasanefficientcatalystforfriedelcraftstypereactions AT alirezakhorshidi sulfonatedpolystyrenefoamwasteasanefficientcatalystforfriedelcraftstypereactions |