Integrated serological surveillance of communicable diseases in the Paraguayan Chaco, 2019
Objective. To establish baseline seroprevalence of soil-borne, waterborne, and foodborne diseases and to monitor diseases that are eliminated or on the path to elimination in the Paraguayan Chaco. Methods. A total of 1 100 school-age children (6–15 years) were tested in urban and rural schools selec...
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Pan American Health Organization
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública |
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| Online Access: | https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/65969 |
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| author | Patricia Galeano Claudia Huber Violeta Ortiz Soraya Araya Vilma Teresa Pérez Guillermo Sequera María Paz Ade Gloria Rey-Benito Pamela Bravo Ana Luciañez Romeo Montoya Silvia Giselle Ibarra-Ozcariz Viviana De Egea Águeda Cabello Ana Morice Martha Idalí Saboyá-Díaz E. Brook Goodhew Gretchen Cooley Diana Martin |
| author_facet | Patricia Galeano Claudia Huber Violeta Ortiz Soraya Araya Vilma Teresa Pérez Guillermo Sequera María Paz Ade Gloria Rey-Benito Pamela Bravo Ana Luciañez Romeo Montoya Silvia Giselle Ibarra-Ozcariz Viviana De Egea Águeda Cabello Ana Morice Martha Idalí Saboyá-Díaz E. Brook Goodhew Gretchen Cooley Diana Martin |
| author_sort | Patricia Galeano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective. To establish baseline seroprevalence of soil-borne, waterborne, and foodborne diseases and to monitor diseases that are eliminated or on the path to elimination in the Paraguayan Chaco.
Methods. A total of 1 100 school-age children (6–15 years) were tested in urban and rural schools selected for a cross-cutting population-based survey using a two-stage probabilistic sample design in the three departments of the Paraguayan Chaco. Blood samples were taken on filter paper to measure IgG antibodies using a multiplex bead assay. Data collection was carried out through interviews with parents and caregivers. Access to basic sanitation and improved water was assessed. Differences in pathogen seropositivity and seroprotection were estimated by urban and rural areas.
Results. Seroprotection against measles was 62.9% and against rubella was 78.2%. Minimal diphtheria and tetanus seroprotection (≥0.01 IU/ml) was 92.9% and 98.3%, respectively. Seroprotective levels against these four vaccine-preventable diseases significantly decreased with increasing age (p < 0.05). The following pathogens and respective antigens showed significantly higher seroprevalence (p < 0.05) in rural areas compared with urban areas: Cryptosporidium parvum Cp17: 80.4% vs 64.6%, and Cp23: 60.6% vs 44.8%; Giardia lamblia VSP3: 26.9% vs 16.6%; Strongyloides stercoralis NIE: 11.5% vs 4.1%; and Taenia solium T24H: 7.1% vs 1.6%. Seroprevalence for these pathogens was also higher in Indigenous population when compared to non-Indigenous. Basic sanitation conditions showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between rural and urban areas: adobe and soil dwelling floor (65.3% vs 30.2%), use of pit latrine (90.3% vs 44.2%), availability of drainage or septic tank (8.7% vs 55.2%), access to safe water (19.7% vs 44.9%), and water treatment (6.8% vs 32.3%).
Conclusions. We identified high exposure to soil-borne, waterborne, and foodborne diseases in rural areas and Indigenous population in the Paraguayan Chaco. Low seroprotection against measles and rubella alerts about the risk of immunity gaps to maintain elimination targets. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4de6af50df4b4ed8be9665992ed452d1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1020-4989 1680-5348 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Pan American Health Organization |
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| series | Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública |
| spelling | doaj-art-4de6af50df4b4ed8be9665992ed452d12025-08-20T02:16:44ZengPan American Health OrganizationRevista Panamericana de Salud Pública1020-49891680-53482025-04-01492511110.26633/RPSP.2025.25rpspIntegrated serological surveillance of communicable diseases in the Paraguayan Chaco, 2019Patricia Galeano0Claudia Huber1Violeta Ortiz2Soraya Araya3Vilma Teresa Pérez4Guillermo Sequera5María Paz Ade6Gloria Rey-Benito7Pamela Bravo8Ana Luciañez9Romeo Montoya10Silvia Giselle Ibarra-Ozcariz11Viviana De Egea12Águeda Cabello13Ana Morice14Martha Idalí Saboyá-Díaz15E. Brook Goodhew16Gretchen Cooley17Diana Martin18Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Asunción, ParaguayMinistry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Asunción, ParaguayMinistry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Asunción, ParaguayMinistry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Asunción, ParaguayMinistry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Asunción, ParaguayMinistry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Asunción, ParaguayPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of AmericaPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of AmericaPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of AmericaPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of AmericaPan American Health Organization, Asunción, ParaguayPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of AmericaMinistry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Asunción, ParaguayMinistry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Asunción, ParaguayPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of AmericaPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of AmericaU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of AmericaU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of AmericaU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of AmericaObjective. To establish baseline seroprevalence of soil-borne, waterborne, and foodborne diseases and to monitor diseases that are eliminated or on the path to elimination in the Paraguayan Chaco. Methods. A total of 1 100 school-age children (6–15 years) were tested in urban and rural schools selected for a cross-cutting population-based survey using a two-stage probabilistic sample design in the three departments of the Paraguayan Chaco. Blood samples were taken on filter paper to measure IgG antibodies using a multiplex bead assay. Data collection was carried out through interviews with parents and caregivers. Access to basic sanitation and improved water was assessed. Differences in pathogen seropositivity and seroprotection were estimated by urban and rural areas. Results. Seroprotection against measles was 62.9% and against rubella was 78.2%. Minimal diphtheria and tetanus seroprotection (≥0.01 IU/ml) was 92.9% and 98.3%, respectively. Seroprotective levels against these four vaccine-preventable diseases significantly decreased with increasing age (p < 0.05). The following pathogens and respective antigens showed significantly higher seroprevalence (p < 0.05) in rural areas compared with urban areas: Cryptosporidium parvum Cp17: 80.4% vs 64.6%, and Cp23: 60.6% vs 44.8%; Giardia lamblia VSP3: 26.9% vs 16.6%; Strongyloides stercoralis NIE: 11.5% vs 4.1%; and Taenia solium T24H: 7.1% vs 1.6%. Seroprevalence for these pathogens was also higher in Indigenous population when compared to non-Indigenous. Basic sanitation conditions showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between rural and urban areas: adobe and soil dwelling floor (65.3% vs 30.2%), use of pit latrine (90.3% vs 44.2%), availability of drainage or septic tank (8.7% vs 55.2%), access to safe water (19.7% vs 44.9%), and water treatment (6.8% vs 32.3%). Conclusions. We identified high exposure to soil-borne, waterborne, and foodborne diseases in rural areas and Indigenous population in the Paraguayan Chaco. Low seroprotection against measles and rubella alerts about the risk of immunity gaps to maintain elimination targets.https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/65969communicable diseasesneglected diseasesvector borne diseasesvaccine-preventable diseasesserologypublic health surveillanceepidemiological monitoringparaguay |
| spellingShingle | Patricia Galeano Claudia Huber Violeta Ortiz Soraya Araya Vilma Teresa Pérez Guillermo Sequera María Paz Ade Gloria Rey-Benito Pamela Bravo Ana Luciañez Romeo Montoya Silvia Giselle Ibarra-Ozcariz Viviana De Egea Águeda Cabello Ana Morice Martha Idalí Saboyá-Díaz E. Brook Goodhew Gretchen Cooley Diana Martin Integrated serological surveillance of communicable diseases in the Paraguayan Chaco, 2019 Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública communicable diseases neglected diseases vector borne diseases vaccine-preventable diseases serology public health surveillance epidemiological monitoring paraguay |
| title | Integrated serological surveillance of communicable diseases in the Paraguayan Chaco, 2019 |
| title_full | Integrated serological surveillance of communicable diseases in the Paraguayan Chaco, 2019 |
| title_fullStr | Integrated serological surveillance of communicable diseases in the Paraguayan Chaco, 2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated serological surveillance of communicable diseases in the Paraguayan Chaco, 2019 |
| title_short | Integrated serological surveillance of communicable diseases in the Paraguayan Chaco, 2019 |
| title_sort | integrated serological surveillance of communicable diseases in the paraguayan chaco 2019 |
| topic | communicable diseases neglected diseases vector borne diseases vaccine-preventable diseases serology public health surveillance epidemiological monitoring paraguay |
| url | https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/65969 |
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