Prevalence and Genetic Variation Investigation of the Pseudorabies Virus in Southwest China

In 2022, a significant PRV outbreak in a southwestern China pig farm led to a high incidence of sow abortion. A serological analysis using <i>gE</i> antigen-based ELISA revealed a high prevalence (69.30%) of PRV <i>gE</i> antibodies among the affected pigs, with a significant...

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Main Authors: Jiaqi Wu, Juan Zhang, Jun Zhou, Yi Luo, Xinrong Wang, Rui Yang, Junhai Zhu, Meiyu Jia, Longxiang Zhang, Lizhi Fu, Nan Yan, Yue Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/21/3103
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author Jiaqi Wu
Juan Zhang
Jun Zhou
Yi Luo
Xinrong Wang
Rui Yang
Junhai Zhu
Meiyu Jia
Longxiang Zhang
Lizhi Fu
Nan Yan
Yue Wang
author_facet Jiaqi Wu
Juan Zhang
Jun Zhou
Yi Luo
Xinrong Wang
Rui Yang
Junhai Zhu
Meiyu Jia
Longxiang Zhang
Lizhi Fu
Nan Yan
Yue Wang
author_sort Jiaqi Wu
collection DOAJ
description In 2022, a significant PRV outbreak in a southwestern China pig farm led to a high incidence of sow abortion. A serological analysis using <i>gE</i> antigen-based ELISA revealed a high prevalence (69.30%) of PRV <i>gE</i> antibodies among the affected pigs, with a significant variation across different pig populations (1.11–76.12%). We collected additional 5552 pig serum samples and 580 pig cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from various pig farms in Southwest China between 2022 and 2024. The seropositive rates for PRV <i>gE</i> antibodies ranged from 2.36% and 8.65% in the serum samples, while the positive detection rates for the PRV <i>gE</i> gene in the cerebrospinal fluid samples, as determined by PCR, were between 1.06% and 2.36%. The PCR analysis and sequencing of the PRV <i>gB</i>, <i>gC</i>, <i>gE</i>, and <i>TK</i> genes from eight randomly selected samples identified two distinct strains, CQ1 and CQ2. CQ1’s <i>gC</i> gene showed similarity to the vaccine strain Bartha, while the other genes aligned with Chinese classical strains, suggesting its potential genetic recombination. CQ2 aligned with the Chinese classical strain SC. Although the overall PRV infection in Southwest China’s pig farms is relatively low, occasional outbreaks with high positivity rates are observed. These findings highlight the necessity for increased surveillance and stringent control measures to safeguard the swine industry.
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spelling doaj-art-4de68b2f6e9548e0a677ca821dc9377b2025-08-20T02:14:15ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-10-011421310310.3390/ani14213103Prevalence and Genetic Variation Investigation of the Pseudorabies Virus in Southwest ChinaJiaqi Wu0Juan Zhang1Jun Zhou2Yi Luo3Xinrong Wang4Rui Yang5Junhai Zhu6Meiyu Jia7Longxiang Zhang8Lizhi Fu9Nan Yan10Yue Wang11College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaSichuan Boce Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610023, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaChongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 408599, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaChongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 408599, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaIn 2022, a significant PRV outbreak in a southwestern China pig farm led to a high incidence of sow abortion. A serological analysis using <i>gE</i> antigen-based ELISA revealed a high prevalence (69.30%) of PRV <i>gE</i> antibodies among the affected pigs, with a significant variation across different pig populations (1.11–76.12%). We collected additional 5552 pig serum samples and 580 pig cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from various pig farms in Southwest China between 2022 and 2024. The seropositive rates for PRV <i>gE</i> antibodies ranged from 2.36% and 8.65% in the serum samples, while the positive detection rates for the PRV <i>gE</i> gene in the cerebrospinal fluid samples, as determined by PCR, were between 1.06% and 2.36%. The PCR analysis and sequencing of the PRV <i>gB</i>, <i>gC</i>, <i>gE</i>, and <i>TK</i> genes from eight randomly selected samples identified two distinct strains, CQ1 and CQ2. CQ1’s <i>gC</i> gene showed similarity to the vaccine strain Bartha, while the other genes aligned with Chinese classical strains, suggesting its potential genetic recombination. CQ2 aligned with the Chinese classical strain SC. Although the overall PRV infection in Southwest China’s pig farms is relatively low, occasional outbreaks with high positivity rates are observed. These findings highlight the necessity for increased surveillance and stringent control measures to safeguard the swine industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/21/3103pseudorabies virusepidemiological surveygenetic variation
spellingShingle Jiaqi Wu
Juan Zhang
Jun Zhou
Yi Luo
Xinrong Wang
Rui Yang
Junhai Zhu
Meiyu Jia
Longxiang Zhang
Lizhi Fu
Nan Yan
Yue Wang
Prevalence and Genetic Variation Investigation of the Pseudorabies Virus in Southwest China
Animals
pseudorabies virus
epidemiological survey
genetic variation
title Prevalence and Genetic Variation Investigation of the Pseudorabies Virus in Southwest China
title_full Prevalence and Genetic Variation Investigation of the Pseudorabies Virus in Southwest China
title_fullStr Prevalence and Genetic Variation Investigation of the Pseudorabies Virus in Southwest China
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and Genetic Variation Investigation of the Pseudorabies Virus in Southwest China
title_short Prevalence and Genetic Variation Investigation of the Pseudorabies Virus in Southwest China
title_sort prevalence and genetic variation investigation of the pseudorabies virus in southwest china
topic pseudorabies virus
epidemiological survey
genetic variation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/21/3103
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