Forecasting Moldova’s monthly exports using autoregressive models with seasonal dummies

Exports significantly influence Moldova’s economic stability and regional integration, particularly due to its agriculture-driven economy characterized by pronounced seasonality. This study evaluates the forecasting accuracy of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models, enhanced with s...

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Main Authors: Zionovia Toaca, Liliana Staver, Alexandru Stratan, Viorica Lopotenco, Victoria Cociug
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Cogent Business & Management
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311975.2025.2519988
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author Zionovia Toaca
Liliana Staver
Alexandru Stratan
Viorica Lopotenco
Victoria Cociug
author_facet Zionovia Toaca
Liliana Staver
Alexandru Stratan
Viorica Lopotenco
Victoria Cociug
author_sort Zionovia Toaca
collection DOAJ
description Exports significantly influence Moldova’s economic stability and regional integration, particularly due to its agriculture-driven economy characterized by pronounced seasonality. This study evaluates the forecasting accuracy of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models, enhanced with seasonal dummy variables, for predicting Moldova’s monthly exports. It systematically compares traditional ARIMA methods, ARIMA with seasonal dummies, and modern techniques such as Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural networks. Forecast performance is assessed using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Theil’s U-statistic, and the Cost-Value Ratio (CVR). Results demonstrate that combining forecasts from multiple ARIMA models significantly improves predictive accuracy, with weighted combinations based on MAPE reducing forecast errors by approximately 10%. The findings highlight the effectiveness and adaptability of combined forecasting models, emphasizing their value for small, open economies like Moldova’s that are susceptible to external shocks and seasonal fluctuations. This research provides robust empirical evidence supporting the adoption of combined econometric forecasting methodologies in economic policymaking and strategic planning.
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issn 2331-1975
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publisher Taylor & Francis Group
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series Cogent Business & Management
spelling doaj-art-4de2761df9ff427d9d27aefbbe266ed42025-08-20T03:31:19ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCogent Business & Management2331-19752025-12-0112110.1080/23311975.2025.2519988Forecasting Moldova’s monthly exports using autoregressive models with seasonal dummiesZionovia Toaca0Liliana Staver1Alexandru Stratan2Viorica Lopotenco3Victoria Cociug4Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of MoldovaAcademy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of MoldovaAcademy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of MoldovaAcademy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of MoldovaAcademy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of MoldovaExports significantly influence Moldova’s economic stability and regional integration, particularly due to its agriculture-driven economy characterized by pronounced seasonality. This study evaluates the forecasting accuracy of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models, enhanced with seasonal dummy variables, for predicting Moldova’s monthly exports. It systematically compares traditional ARIMA methods, ARIMA with seasonal dummies, and modern techniques such as Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural networks. Forecast performance is assessed using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Theil’s U-statistic, and the Cost-Value Ratio (CVR). Results demonstrate that combining forecasts from multiple ARIMA models significantly improves predictive accuracy, with weighted combinations based on MAPE reducing forecast errors by approximately 10%. The findings highlight the effectiveness and adaptability of combined forecasting models, emphasizing their value for small, open economies like Moldova’s that are susceptible to external shocks and seasonal fluctuations. This research provides robust empirical evidence supporting the adoption of combined econometric forecasting methodologies in economic policymaking and strategic planning.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311975.2025.2519988ARIMA modelscombined forecastingforecasting accuracyseasonal dummiesstationarity testTime series analysis
spellingShingle Zionovia Toaca
Liliana Staver
Alexandru Stratan
Viorica Lopotenco
Victoria Cociug
Forecasting Moldova’s monthly exports using autoregressive models with seasonal dummies
Cogent Business & Management
ARIMA models
combined forecasting
forecasting accuracy
seasonal dummies
stationarity test
Time series analysis
title Forecasting Moldova’s monthly exports using autoregressive models with seasonal dummies
title_full Forecasting Moldova’s monthly exports using autoregressive models with seasonal dummies
title_fullStr Forecasting Moldova’s monthly exports using autoregressive models with seasonal dummies
title_full_unstemmed Forecasting Moldova’s monthly exports using autoregressive models with seasonal dummies
title_short Forecasting Moldova’s monthly exports using autoregressive models with seasonal dummies
title_sort forecasting moldova s monthly exports using autoregressive models with seasonal dummies
topic ARIMA models
combined forecasting
forecasting accuracy
seasonal dummies
stationarity test
Time series analysis
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311975.2025.2519988
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AT lilianastaver forecastingmoldovasmonthlyexportsusingautoregressivemodelswithseasonaldummies
AT alexandrustratan forecastingmoldovasmonthlyexportsusingautoregressivemodelswithseasonaldummies
AT vioricalopotenco forecastingmoldovasmonthlyexportsusingautoregressivemodelswithseasonaldummies
AT victoriacociug forecastingmoldovasmonthlyexportsusingautoregressivemodelswithseasonaldummies