Assessing Risk Factors and Posttransplant Outcomes of Nonadherence Among Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background. Adherence of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) to prescribed regimens is vital for long-term graft function. This study aimed to identify adherence rates using objective and composite measures, risk factors for nonadherence, and the latter’s impact on posttransplant outcomes. Methods....

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Main Authors: Kateryna Maksyutynska, HBSc, Benedict Batoy, HBSc, Xinyu Wei, HBSc, Oswa Shafei, HBSc, Yanhong Li, MSc, Olusegun Famure, dipHSM, MPH, MEd, CHE, S. Joseph Kim, MD, PhD, MHS, MBA, FRCPC
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer 2025-06-01
Series:Transplantation Direct
Online Access:http://journals.lww.com/transplantationdirect/fulltext/10.1097/TXD.0000000000001799
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author Kateryna Maksyutynska, HBSc
Benedict Batoy, HBSc
Xinyu Wei, HBSc
Oswa Shafei, HBSc
Yanhong Li, MSc
Olusegun Famure, dipHSM, MPH, MEd, CHE
S. Joseph Kim, MD, PhD, MHS, MBA, FRCPC
author_facet Kateryna Maksyutynska, HBSc
Benedict Batoy, HBSc
Xinyu Wei, HBSc
Oswa Shafei, HBSc
Yanhong Li, MSc
Olusegun Famure, dipHSM, MPH, MEd, CHE
S. Joseph Kim, MD, PhD, MHS, MBA, FRCPC
author_sort Kateryna Maksyutynska, HBSc
collection DOAJ
description Background. Adherence of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) to prescribed regimens is vital for long-term graft function. This study aimed to identify adherence rates using objective and composite measures, risk factors for nonadherence, and the latter’s impact on posttransplant outcomes. Methods. A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted among KTR transplanted from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2017. Overall nonadherence was defined as 1 or more of the following in the first-year posttransplant: (1) at least 1 missed clinic visit, (2) >30% missed laboratory visits, and (3) >40% coefficient of variation of calcineurin inhibitor levels. Logistic and Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to identify adherence risk factors and outcomes, respectively. Results. Among the included 1803 KTR, overall nonadherence was identified in 34.9%; 11.2% were nonadherent to clinic visits, 5.4% to laboratory tests, and 25.2% to medications. Recipient history of psychiatric disorders (odds artio [OR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-2.02) or pretransplant nonadherence (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.31–2.54), and private drug coverage (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48-0.80) were associated with posttransplant nonadherence. Any episode of nonadherence over the first year after transplant was associated with an increased risk of total graft failure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% CI, 1.20-1.91), death with graft function (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.11-2.05), and biopsy-proven acute rejection (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.38-3.99). Conclusions. Adherence among KTR is influenced by both psychosocial and socioeconomic determinants which impact posttransplant outcomes. Our results emphasize feasible methods to monitor adherence and identify high-risk KTR.
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spelling doaj-art-4dcd92dd71ce45b0b9fab4955b0d0f812025-08-20T03:12:23ZengWolters KluwerTransplantation Direct2373-87312025-06-01116e179910.1097/TXD.0000000000001799202506000-00002Assessing Risk Factors and Posttransplant Outcomes of Nonadherence Among Kidney Transplant RecipientsKateryna Maksyutynska, HBSc0Benedict Batoy, HBSc1Xinyu Wei, HBSc2Oswa Shafei, HBSc3Yanhong Li, MSc4Olusegun Famure, dipHSM, MPH, MEd, CHE5S. Joseph Kim, MD, PhD, MHS, MBA, FRCPC61 Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.1 Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.1 Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.1 Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.1 Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.1 Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.1 Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.Background. Adherence of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) to prescribed regimens is vital for long-term graft function. This study aimed to identify adherence rates using objective and composite measures, risk factors for nonadherence, and the latter’s impact on posttransplant outcomes. Methods. A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted among KTR transplanted from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2017. Overall nonadherence was defined as 1 or more of the following in the first-year posttransplant: (1) at least 1 missed clinic visit, (2) >30% missed laboratory visits, and (3) >40% coefficient of variation of calcineurin inhibitor levels. Logistic and Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to identify adherence risk factors and outcomes, respectively. Results. Among the included 1803 KTR, overall nonadherence was identified in 34.9%; 11.2% were nonadherent to clinic visits, 5.4% to laboratory tests, and 25.2% to medications. Recipient history of psychiatric disorders (odds artio [OR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-2.02) or pretransplant nonadherence (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.31–2.54), and private drug coverage (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48-0.80) were associated with posttransplant nonadherence. Any episode of nonadherence over the first year after transplant was associated with an increased risk of total graft failure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% CI, 1.20-1.91), death with graft function (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.11-2.05), and biopsy-proven acute rejection (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.38-3.99). Conclusions. Adherence among KTR is influenced by both psychosocial and socioeconomic determinants which impact posttransplant outcomes. Our results emphasize feasible methods to monitor adherence and identify high-risk KTR.http://journals.lww.com/transplantationdirect/fulltext/10.1097/TXD.0000000000001799
spellingShingle Kateryna Maksyutynska, HBSc
Benedict Batoy, HBSc
Xinyu Wei, HBSc
Oswa Shafei, HBSc
Yanhong Li, MSc
Olusegun Famure, dipHSM, MPH, MEd, CHE
S. Joseph Kim, MD, PhD, MHS, MBA, FRCPC
Assessing Risk Factors and Posttransplant Outcomes of Nonadherence Among Kidney Transplant Recipients
Transplantation Direct
title Assessing Risk Factors and Posttransplant Outcomes of Nonadherence Among Kidney Transplant Recipients
title_full Assessing Risk Factors and Posttransplant Outcomes of Nonadherence Among Kidney Transplant Recipients
title_fullStr Assessing Risk Factors and Posttransplant Outcomes of Nonadherence Among Kidney Transplant Recipients
title_full_unstemmed Assessing Risk Factors and Posttransplant Outcomes of Nonadherence Among Kidney Transplant Recipients
title_short Assessing Risk Factors and Posttransplant Outcomes of Nonadherence Among Kidney Transplant Recipients
title_sort assessing risk factors and posttransplant outcomes of nonadherence among kidney transplant recipients
url http://journals.lww.com/transplantationdirect/fulltext/10.1097/TXD.0000000000001799
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