Brachial‐Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Predictor of Diabetes Development: Elevated Risk Within Normal Range Values in a Low‐Risk Population

Background Recent studies have suggested that increased brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a risk factor for diabetes. Exploring its relationship with insulin resistance is of interest, necessitating further studies across different sexes and age groups. Methods and Results This cohort st...

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Main Authors: Jeonggyu Kang, Ki‐Hyun Jeon, Kang‐Un Choi, Hyo‐In Choi, Ki‐Chul Sung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.037705
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author Jeonggyu Kang
Ki‐Hyun Jeon
Kang‐Un Choi
Hyo‐In Choi
Ki‐Chul Sung
author_facet Jeonggyu Kang
Ki‐Hyun Jeon
Kang‐Un Choi
Hyo‐In Choi
Ki‐Chul Sung
author_sort Jeonggyu Kang
collection DOAJ
description Background Recent studies have suggested that increased brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a risk factor for diabetes. Exploring its relationship with insulin resistance is of interest, necessitating further studies across different sexes and age groups. Methods and Results This cohort study involved 119 170 Korean adults with an average age of 39.8 years, none of whom had diabetes at baseline. As part of a health screening, baPWV measurements were taken. Over a median follow‐up period of 5.6 years, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin levels, and questionnaire responses were collected. The risk of developing diabetes was evaluated using a flexible parametric proportional hazards model with data stratified by sex and age group (<40 versus ≥40 years). During the follow‐up period, diabetes was diagnosed in 5966 participants (5.0%). A fully adjusted model found that the hazard ratios for diabetes onset associated with baPWV quartiles Q2 (1171.0–1270.5 cm/s), Q3 (1271.0–1376.0 cm/s), and Q4 (≥1376.5 cm/s) compared with Q1 (<1171.0 cm/s) were 1.06 (95% CI, 0.96–1.17), 1.25 (1.14–1.38), and 1.48 (1.34–1.62), respectively (P for trend <0.001). A significant sex‐based interaction was noted in this association, with women showing a higher risk of diabetes development. Furthermore, higher baPWV quartiles were associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance, defined as the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of arterial stiffness, as measured by elevated baPWV, in the development of diabetes and insulin resistance. Notably, this study highlighted a strong association, particularly among women.
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spelling doaj-art-4dc920c3c4bb4bcd884867fd85ca8fee2025-08-20T02:36:49ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802024-12-01132410.1161/JAHA.124.037705Brachial‐Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Predictor of Diabetes Development: Elevated Risk Within Normal Range Values in a Low‐Risk PopulationJeonggyu Kang0Ki‐Hyun Jeon1Kang‐Un Choi2Hyo‐In Choi3Ki‐Chul Sung4Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine Seoul Republic of KoreaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of KoreaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Yeungnam University Medical Center Daegu Republic of KoreaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine Seoul Republic of KoreaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine Seoul Republic of KoreaBackground Recent studies have suggested that increased brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a risk factor for diabetes. Exploring its relationship with insulin resistance is of interest, necessitating further studies across different sexes and age groups. Methods and Results This cohort study involved 119 170 Korean adults with an average age of 39.8 years, none of whom had diabetes at baseline. As part of a health screening, baPWV measurements were taken. Over a median follow‐up period of 5.6 years, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin levels, and questionnaire responses were collected. The risk of developing diabetes was evaluated using a flexible parametric proportional hazards model with data stratified by sex and age group (<40 versus ≥40 years). During the follow‐up period, diabetes was diagnosed in 5966 participants (5.0%). A fully adjusted model found that the hazard ratios for diabetes onset associated with baPWV quartiles Q2 (1171.0–1270.5 cm/s), Q3 (1271.0–1376.0 cm/s), and Q4 (≥1376.5 cm/s) compared with Q1 (<1171.0 cm/s) were 1.06 (95% CI, 0.96–1.17), 1.25 (1.14–1.38), and 1.48 (1.34–1.62), respectively (P for trend <0.001). A significant sex‐based interaction was noted in this association, with women showing a higher risk of diabetes development. Furthermore, higher baPWV quartiles were associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance, defined as the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of arterial stiffness, as measured by elevated baPWV, in the development of diabetes and insulin resistance. Notably, this study highlighted a strong association, particularly among women.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.037705arterial stiffnessbrachial‐ankle pulse wave velocitydiabetesinsulin resistance
spellingShingle Jeonggyu Kang
Ki‐Hyun Jeon
Kang‐Un Choi
Hyo‐In Choi
Ki‐Chul Sung
Brachial‐Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Predictor of Diabetes Development: Elevated Risk Within Normal Range Values in a Low‐Risk Population
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
arterial stiffness
brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity
diabetes
insulin resistance
title Brachial‐Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Predictor of Diabetes Development: Elevated Risk Within Normal Range Values in a Low‐Risk Population
title_full Brachial‐Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Predictor of Diabetes Development: Elevated Risk Within Normal Range Values in a Low‐Risk Population
title_fullStr Brachial‐Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Predictor of Diabetes Development: Elevated Risk Within Normal Range Values in a Low‐Risk Population
title_full_unstemmed Brachial‐Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Predictor of Diabetes Development: Elevated Risk Within Normal Range Values in a Low‐Risk Population
title_short Brachial‐Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Predictor of Diabetes Development: Elevated Risk Within Normal Range Values in a Low‐Risk Population
title_sort brachial ankle pulse wave velocity as a predictor of diabetes development elevated risk within normal range values in a low risk population
topic arterial stiffness
brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity
diabetes
insulin resistance
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.037705
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