<i>Eisenia bicyclis</i> Extract Ameliorates Colitis in In Vitro and In Vivo Models Through Modulation of mTOR Axis and Gut Microbiota Composition
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon that is associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i>, a marine alga, is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota-modulating properties. This study explored the mecha...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Qunzhe Wang Yuri Im Jumin Park Hye Lim Lee Dae Gon Ryu Hyemee Kim |
| author_facet | Qunzhe Wang Yuri Im Jumin Park Hye Lim Lee Dae Gon Ryu Hyemee Kim |
| author_sort | Qunzhe Wang |
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| description | Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon that is associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i>, a marine alga, is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota-modulating properties. This study explored the mechanisms by which a 70% ethanol extract of <i>E. bicyclis</i> may alleviate UC, through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed eckol, 7-phloroeckol, dieckol, phlorofucofuroeckol A, and fucofuroeckol as key phenolic compounds present in the extract. The administration of <i>E. bicyclis</i> significantly improved symptoms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model by reducing intestinal shortening, splenomegaly, and histological scores. Both cell and animal studies demonstrated that <i>E. bicyclis</i> suppressed the release of inflammatory cytokines, downregulated the mRNA expression of genes related to the mTOR pathway, and reduced the p-mTOR/mTOR ratio. Microbiota analysis revealed that, while the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was elevated in UC mice, <i>E. bicyclis</i> administration normalized this imbalance, with a notable increase in the abundance of beneficial probiotics such as <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i>. In conclusion, a phenolic-rich extract of <i>E. bicyclis</i> demonstrates significant potential as a dietary supplement to prevent and mitigate UC by modulating both the mTOR signaling pathway and gut microbiota composition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4dc897ffe45c4404a7255262d3050dad |
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| issn | 2304-8158 |
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| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-4dc897ffe45c4404a7255262d3050dad2025-08-20T02:59:00ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-02-0114571410.3390/foods14050714<i>Eisenia bicyclis</i> Extract Ameliorates Colitis in In Vitro and In Vivo Models Through Modulation of mTOR Axis and Gut Microbiota CompositionQunzhe Wang0Yuri Im1Jumin Park2Hye Lim Lee3Dae Gon Ryu4Hyemee Kim5Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon that is associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i>, a marine alga, is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota-modulating properties. This study explored the mechanisms by which a 70% ethanol extract of <i>E. bicyclis</i> may alleviate UC, through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed eckol, 7-phloroeckol, dieckol, phlorofucofuroeckol A, and fucofuroeckol as key phenolic compounds present in the extract. The administration of <i>E. bicyclis</i> significantly improved symptoms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model by reducing intestinal shortening, splenomegaly, and histological scores. Both cell and animal studies demonstrated that <i>E. bicyclis</i> suppressed the release of inflammatory cytokines, downregulated the mRNA expression of genes related to the mTOR pathway, and reduced the p-mTOR/mTOR ratio. Microbiota analysis revealed that, while the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was elevated in UC mice, <i>E. bicyclis</i> administration normalized this imbalance, with a notable increase in the abundance of beneficial probiotics such as <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i>. In conclusion, a phenolic-rich extract of <i>E. bicyclis</i> demonstrates significant potential as a dietary supplement to prevent and mitigate UC by modulating both the mTOR signaling pathway and gut microbiota composition.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/5/714<i>Eisenia bicyclis</i>ulcerative colitisanti-inflammatorymTOR axisintestinal flora disturbance |
| spellingShingle | Qunzhe Wang Yuri Im Jumin Park Hye Lim Lee Dae Gon Ryu Hyemee Kim <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i> Extract Ameliorates Colitis in In Vitro and In Vivo Models Through Modulation of mTOR Axis and Gut Microbiota Composition Foods <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i> ulcerative colitis anti-inflammatory mTOR axis intestinal flora disturbance |
| title | <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i> Extract Ameliorates Colitis in In Vitro and In Vivo Models Through Modulation of mTOR Axis and Gut Microbiota Composition |
| title_full | <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i> Extract Ameliorates Colitis in In Vitro and In Vivo Models Through Modulation of mTOR Axis and Gut Microbiota Composition |
| title_fullStr | <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i> Extract Ameliorates Colitis in In Vitro and In Vivo Models Through Modulation of mTOR Axis and Gut Microbiota Composition |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i> Extract Ameliorates Colitis in In Vitro and In Vivo Models Through Modulation of mTOR Axis and Gut Microbiota Composition |
| title_short | <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i> Extract Ameliorates Colitis in In Vitro and In Vivo Models Through Modulation of mTOR Axis and Gut Microbiota Composition |
| title_sort | i eisenia bicyclis i extract ameliorates colitis in in vitro and in vivo models through modulation of mtor axis and gut microbiota composition |
| topic | <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i> ulcerative colitis anti-inflammatory mTOR axis intestinal flora disturbance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/5/714 |
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