Power–Packet Conversion Methods and Analysis of Scheduling Schemes for Wireless Power Transfer

Recently, electromagnetic wireless power transfer (WPT) has emerged as a promising technology for supplying power to multiple terminals. Previous studies have devised packet transmission methods, commonly used in telecommunication, for power analysis. This study develops a simulator that calculates...

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Main Authors: Yuma Takahashi, Takefumi Hiraguri, Kazuki Maruta, Shuma Okita, Takahiro Matsuda, Tomotaka Kimura, Noboru Sekino
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:IoT
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-831X/6/2/28
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author Yuma Takahashi
Takefumi Hiraguri
Kazuki Maruta
Shuma Okita
Takahiro Matsuda
Tomotaka Kimura
Noboru Sekino
author_facet Yuma Takahashi
Takefumi Hiraguri
Kazuki Maruta
Shuma Okita
Takahiro Matsuda
Tomotaka Kimura
Noboru Sekino
author_sort Yuma Takahashi
collection DOAJ
description Recently, electromagnetic wireless power transfer (WPT) has emerged as a promising technology for supplying power to multiple terminals. Previous studies have devised packet transmission methods, commonly used in telecommunication, for power analysis. This study develops a simulator that calculates the received power by integrating a power–packet conversion method, based on previous research. The simulator incorporates several scheduling functions to facilitate the investigation of the efficiency of the power-feeding methods. This study analyzes the efficacy of a first-come–first-served (FCFS) method, a round-robin (RR) method, and a multilevel feedback queue (MFQ) scheme for wireless power transfer, all of which were devised based on existing scheduling methods used in operating systems. Simulation results show that, although the FCFS method is simple, it may lead to battery depletion due to delayed power supply, particularly in terminals with lower initial battery levels. The RR method improves fairness by allocating the power supply in time slices; however, its performance is sensitive to the slice duration. The MFQ method, which incorporates a promotion mechanism based on battery status and power demand, exhibits higher adaptability, achieving efficient and balanced power distribution even when terminals differ in distance from the transmitter or in power consumption. These evaluations were conducted using a proposed power–packet conversion method that discretizes continuous power into packet units, allowing for the application of communication network-inspired scheduling and control techniques. The capacity to construct such models enables the simulator to analyze the flow and distribution of power, predict potential issues that may arise in real systems in advance, and devise optimal control methodologies. Moreover, the model can be employed to enhance the efficiency of power management systems and construct smart grids, and it is anticipated to be utilized for the integration of power and communication systems.
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spelling doaj-art-4dc57aee6556403e9ec871becb1bbabf2025-08-20T03:27:19ZengMDPI AGIoT2624-831X2025-05-01622810.3390/iot6020028Power–Packet Conversion Methods and Analysis of Scheduling Schemes for Wireless Power TransferYuma Takahashi0Takefumi Hiraguri1Kazuki Maruta2Shuma Okita3Takahiro Matsuda4Tomotaka Kimura5Noboru Sekino6Electronics, Information and Media Engineering Major, Nippon Institute of Technology, Saitama 345-8501, JapanElectronics, Information and Media Engineering Major, Nippon Institute of Technology, Saitama 345-8501, JapanFaculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, JapanFaculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, JapanGraduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 191-0065, JapanFaculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0321, JapanDKK Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 221-0052, JapanRecently, electromagnetic wireless power transfer (WPT) has emerged as a promising technology for supplying power to multiple terminals. Previous studies have devised packet transmission methods, commonly used in telecommunication, for power analysis. This study develops a simulator that calculates the received power by integrating a power–packet conversion method, based on previous research. The simulator incorporates several scheduling functions to facilitate the investigation of the efficiency of the power-feeding methods. This study analyzes the efficacy of a first-come–first-served (FCFS) method, a round-robin (RR) method, and a multilevel feedback queue (MFQ) scheme for wireless power transfer, all of which were devised based on existing scheduling methods used in operating systems. Simulation results show that, although the FCFS method is simple, it may lead to battery depletion due to delayed power supply, particularly in terminals with lower initial battery levels. The RR method improves fairness by allocating the power supply in time slices; however, its performance is sensitive to the slice duration. The MFQ method, which incorporates a promotion mechanism based on battery status and power demand, exhibits higher adaptability, achieving efficient and balanced power distribution even when terminals differ in distance from the transmitter or in power consumption. These evaluations were conducted using a proposed power–packet conversion method that discretizes continuous power into packet units, allowing for the application of communication network-inspired scheduling and control techniques. The capacity to construct such models enables the simulator to analyze the flow and distribution of power, predict potential issues that may arise in real systems in advance, and devise optimal control methodologies. Moreover, the model can be employed to enhance the efficiency of power management systems and construct smart grids, and it is anticipated to be utilized for the integration of power and communication systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-831X/6/2/28wireless power transfer (WPT)schedulingInternet of Things (IoT) power-receiving terminalpower conversion packet methodfirst-come–first-served (FCFS)round robin (RR)
spellingShingle Yuma Takahashi
Takefumi Hiraguri
Kazuki Maruta
Shuma Okita
Takahiro Matsuda
Tomotaka Kimura
Noboru Sekino
Power–Packet Conversion Methods and Analysis of Scheduling Schemes for Wireless Power Transfer
IoT
wireless power transfer (WPT)
scheduling
Internet of Things (IoT) power-receiving terminal
power conversion packet method
first-come–first-served (FCFS)
round robin (RR)
title Power–Packet Conversion Methods and Analysis of Scheduling Schemes for Wireless Power Transfer
title_full Power–Packet Conversion Methods and Analysis of Scheduling Schemes for Wireless Power Transfer
title_fullStr Power–Packet Conversion Methods and Analysis of Scheduling Schemes for Wireless Power Transfer
title_full_unstemmed Power–Packet Conversion Methods and Analysis of Scheduling Schemes for Wireless Power Transfer
title_short Power–Packet Conversion Methods and Analysis of Scheduling Schemes for Wireless Power Transfer
title_sort power packet conversion methods and analysis of scheduling schemes for wireless power transfer
topic wireless power transfer (WPT)
scheduling
Internet of Things (IoT) power-receiving terminal
power conversion packet method
first-come–first-served (FCFS)
round robin (RR)
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-831X/6/2/28
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