Scalable ion concentration polarization dialyzer for peritoneal dialysate regeneration

Abstract A wearable artificial kidney (WAK) stands poised to offer dialysis treatment with maximal temporal and spatial flexibility for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, while portability has not yet been achieved due to difficulties in portable purification. The ion concentration polarizatio...

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Main Authors: Wonseok Kim, Seongjun Hong, Kihong Kim, Sunhwa Lee, Dong Ah Shin, Seung Hee Yang, Jeongeun Lee, Kyunghee Kim, Kyoung Jin Lee, Woo Sang Cho, Hajeong Lee, Dong Ki Kim, Hee Chan Kim, Yon Su Kim, Jung Chan Lee, Gun Yong Sung, Sung Jae Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03294-1
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author Wonseok Kim
Seongjun Hong
Kihong Kim
Sunhwa Lee
Dong Ah Shin
Seung Hee Yang
Jeongeun Lee
Kyunghee Kim
Kyoung Jin Lee
Woo Sang Cho
Hajeong Lee
Dong Ki Kim
Hee Chan Kim
Yon Su Kim
Jung Chan Lee
Gun Yong Sung
Sung Jae Kim
author_facet Wonseok Kim
Seongjun Hong
Kihong Kim
Sunhwa Lee
Dong Ah Shin
Seung Hee Yang
Jeongeun Lee
Kyunghee Kim
Kyoung Jin Lee
Woo Sang Cho
Hajeong Lee
Dong Ki Kim
Hee Chan Kim
Yon Su Kim
Jung Chan Lee
Gun Yong Sung
Sung Jae Kim
author_sort Wonseok Kim
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A wearable artificial kidney (WAK) stands poised to offer dialysis treatment with maximal temporal and spatial flexibility for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, while portability has not yet been achieved due to difficulties in portable purification. The ion concentration polarization (ICP), one of the nanoelectrokinetic phenomenon, has garnered substantial attention in the realm of portable purification applications, owing to its remarkable capacity for charge separation. In this work, scalable ICP dialyzer with 10,000-fold increase in throughput, was applied for peritoneal dialysate regeneration. First, the mechanism underpinning dialysate purification was corroborated based on micro-nanofluidics. Simultaneously, the electrochemical reactions utilized the complete decomposition of uncharged toxin (urea), achieving approximately 99% clearance, while the ICP phenomenon promoted the removal of positively charged toxin (creatinine), achieving approximately 30% clearance. Second, 3-D scalable ICP dialyzer was developed with a creation of micro-nanofluidic environment inside. Throughput scalability was demonstrated up to 1 mL/min with average approximately 30% toxins clearance. Ultimately, the 3-D ICP dialyzer was applied to assist peritoneal dialysis (PD) using a bilateral nephrectomy rat model. We demonstrated that regenerated dialysate successfully reduced in vivo toxicity, with average toxins removal ratio of approximately 30% per cycle. We believe that the integration of this scalable ICP dialyzer into the WAK holds tremendous potential for substantially enhancing the quality of life for individuals with ESRD. Graphical abstract
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spelling doaj-art-4dc3dc28629546dfa982fa42b278cf552025-08-20T02:10:19ZengBMCJournal of Nanobiotechnology1477-31552025-03-0123111610.1186/s12951-025-03294-1Scalable ion concentration polarization dialyzer for peritoneal dialysate regenerationWonseok Kim0Seongjun Hong1Kihong Kim2Sunhwa Lee3Dong Ah Shin4Seung Hee Yang5Jeongeun Lee6Kyunghee Kim7Kyoung Jin Lee8Woo Sang Cho9Hajeong Lee10Dong Ki Kim11Hee Chan Kim12Yon Su Kim13Jung Chan Lee14Gun Yong Sung15Sung Jae Kim16Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National UniversityDivision of Nephrology, Kangwon National University HospitalInterdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National UniversityKidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research CenterMajor in Materials Science and Engineering, School of Future Convergence, Hallym UniversityMajor in Materials Science and Engineering, School of Future Convergence, Hallym UniversityInterdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National UniversityInterdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National UniversityDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University HospitalDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University HospitalInstitute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Medical Research CenterDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University HospitalInstitute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Medical Research CenterMajor in Materials Science and Engineering, School of Future Convergence, Hallym UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National UniversityAbstract A wearable artificial kidney (WAK) stands poised to offer dialysis treatment with maximal temporal and spatial flexibility for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, while portability has not yet been achieved due to difficulties in portable purification. The ion concentration polarization (ICP), one of the nanoelectrokinetic phenomenon, has garnered substantial attention in the realm of portable purification applications, owing to its remarkable capacity for charge separation. In this work, scalable ICP dialyzer with 10,000-fold increase in throughput, was applied for peritoneal dialysate regeneration. First, the mechanism underpinning dialysate purification was corroborated based on micro-nanofluidics. Simultaneously, the electrochemical reactions utilized the complete decomposition of uncharged toxin (urea), achieving approximately 99% clearance, while the ICP phenomenon promoted the removal of positively charged toxin (creatinine), achieving approximately 30% clearance. Second, 3-D scalable ICP dialyzer was developed with a creation of micro-nanofluidic environment inside. Throughput scalability was demonstrated up to 1 mL/min with average approximately 30% toxins clearance. Ultimately, the 3-D ICP dialyzer was applied to assist peritoneal dialysis (PD) using a bilateral nephrectomy rat model. We demonstrated that regenerated dialysate successfully reduced in vivo toxicity, with average toxins removal ratio of approximately 30% per cycle. We believe that the integration of this scalable ICP dialyzer into the WAK holds tremendous potential for substantially enhancing the quality of life for individuals with ESRD. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03294-1
spellingShingle Wonseok Kim
Seongjun Hong
Kihong Kim
Sunhwa Lee
Dong Ah Shin
Seung Hee Yang
Jeongeun Lee
Kyunghee Kim
Kyoung Jin Lee
Woo Sang Cho
Hajeong Lee
Dong Ki Kim
Hee Chan Kim
Yon Su Kim
Jung Chan Lee
Gun Yong Sung
Sung Jae Kim
Scalable ion concentration polarization dialyzer for peritoneal dialysate regeneration
Journal of Nanobiotechnology
title Scalable ion concentration polarization dialyzer for peritoneal dialysate regeneration
title_full Scalable ion concentration polarization dialyzer for peritoneal dialysate regeneration
title_fullStr Scalable ion concentration polarization dialyzer for peritoneal dialysate regeneration
title_full_unstemmed Scalable ion concentration polarization dialyzer for peritoneal dialysate regeneration
title_short Scalable ion concentration polarization dialyzer for peritoneal dialysate regeneration
title_sort scalable ion concentration polarization dialyzer for peritoneal dialysate regeneration
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03294-1
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