Real-Time Sensor for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Thermal Protection Structures Based on the Full-Time Domain Temperature Inversion Method
The real-time surface thermal monitoring of thermal protection structures (TPSs) is crucial for hypersonic vehicle safety. This study proposes an effective approach for real-time temperature reconstruction by integrating embedded sensor arrays with an enhanced full-time domain inversion algorithm, u...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2227 |
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| author | Yuhao Liu Xiong Zhao Xiangyu Wei Pengyu Nan Fan Zhou Guoguo Xin Kok-Sing Lim Yupeng Zhang Hangzhou Yang |
| author_facet | Yuhao Liu Xiong Zhao Xiangyu Wei Pengyu Nan Fan Zhou Guoguo Xin Kok-Sing Lim Yupeng Zhang Hangzhou Yang |
| author_sort | Yuhao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The real-time surface thermal monitoring of thermal protection structures (TPSs) is crucial for hypersonic vehicle safety. This study proposes an effective approach for real-time temperature reconstruction by integrating embedded sensor arrays with an enhanced full-time domain inversion algorithm, utilizing the overlapping sliding window method. An array of three evenly spaced sensors is used for TPS monitoring. Notably, the inversion approach eliminates the need for prior knowledge of the TPS’s thermal parameters. It exhibits remarkable practicality with low-frequency sampling requirements (1 Hz) and robust noise resistance. Through numerical simulations and a quartz lamp side heating experiment, it is demonstrated that the window size and data noise have great influence on the temperature reconstruction accuracy, but the window slip step has little influence. The mean relative error of the inversion temperature decreases exponentially as the window size increases, and the optimal window duration is equal to the thermal hysteresis time. The study investigates the impact of three noise filtering methods on the inversion accuracy, finding that the Savitzky-Golay filtering significantly enhances measurement precision, reducing mean relative error from 18.4% to 6.7%. These results highlight the potential of the proposed real-time sensor method for practical engineering applications, offering a reliable and efficient solution for real-time TPS temperature monitoring. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-4db84c96928e4d01b7f6e4f21a4f4dc62025-08-20T02:09:21ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01257222710.3390/s25072227Real-Time Sensor for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Thermal Protection Structures Based on the Full-Time Domain Temperature Inversion MethodYuhao Liu0Xiong Zhao1Xiangyu Wei2Pengyu Nan3Fan Zhou4Guoguo Xin5Kok-Sing Lim6Yupeng Zhang7Hangzhou Yang8School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710100, ChinaThe 210 Institute of the Sixth Academy of CASIC, Xi’an 710065, ChinaSchool of Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710100, ChinaSchool of Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710100, ChinaInnovation and Research Institute of HIWING Technology Academy, Beijing 100074, ChinaSchool of Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710100, ChinaPhotonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 500603, MalaysiaInnovation and Research Institute of HIWING Technology Academy, Beijing 100074, ChinaSchool of Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710100, ChinaThe real-time surface thermal monitoring of thermal protection structures (TPSs) is crucial for hypersonic vehicle safety. This study proposes an effective approach for real-time temperature reconstruction by integrating embedded sensor arrays with an enhanced full-time domain inversion algorithm, utilizing the overlapping sliding window method. An array of three evenly spaced sensors is used for TPS monitoring. Notably, the inversion approach eliminates the need for prior knowledge of the TPS’s thermal parameters. It exhibits remarkable practicality with low-frequency sampling requirements (1 Hz) and robust noise resistance. Through numerical simulations and a quartz lamp side heating experiment, it is demonstrated that the window size and data noise have great influence on the temperature reconstruction accuracy, but the window slip step has little influence. The mean relative error of the inversion temperature decreases exponentially as the window size increases, and the optimal window duration is equal to the thermal hysteresis time. The study investigates the impact of three noise filtering methods on the inversion accuracy, finding that the Savitzky-Golay filtering significantly enhances measurement precision, reducing mean relative error from 18.4% to 6.7%. These results highlight the potential of the proposed real-time sensor method for practical engineering applications, offering a reliable and efficient solution for real-time TPS temperature monitoring.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2227thermal protect structurereal-time sensorIHCPoverlapping sliding window |
| spellingShingle | Yuhao Liu Xiong Zhao Xiangyu Wei Pengyu Nan Fan Zhou Guoguo Xin Kok-Sing Lim Yupeng Zhang Hangzhou Yang Real-Time Sensor for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Thermal Protection Structures Based on the Full-Time Domain Temperature Inversion Method Sensors thermal protect structure real-time sensor IHCP overlapping sliding window |
| title | Real-Time Sensor for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Thermal Protection Structures Based on the Full-Time Domain Temperature Inversion Method |
| title_full | Real-Time Sensor for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Thermal Protection Structures Based on the Full-Time Domain Temperature Inversion Method |
| title_fullStr | Real-Time Sensor for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Thermal Protection Structures Based on the Full-Time Domain Temperature Inversion Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real-Time Sensor for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Thermal Protection Structures Based on the Full-Time Domain Temperature Inversion Method |
| title_short | Real-Time Sensor for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Thermal Protection Structures Based on the Full-Time Domain Temperature Inversion Method |
| title_sort | real time sensor for measuring the surface temperature of thermal protection structures based on the full time domain temperature inversion method |
| topic | thermal protect structure real-time sensor IHCP overlapping sliding window |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2227 |
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