Exhaled Jet and Viral-Laden Aerosol Transport from Nasal Sneezing
Abstract The recognition that the spread of COVID-19 is primarily through airborne transmission has brought renewed urgency to understand the spread of aerosols generated from patients. Viral-laden aerosols generated from oral coughs have been well studied; however, aerosols generated from nasal sne...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210338 |
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| author | Hana Salati David F. Fletcher Mehrdad Khamooshi Jingliang Dong Kazuhide Ito Sara Vahaji Kiao Inthavong |
| author_facet | Hana Salati David F. Fletcher Mehrdad Khamooshi Jingliang Dong Kazuhide Ito Sara Vahaji Kiao Inthavong |
| author_sort | Hana Salati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The recognition that the spread of COVID-19 is primarily through airborne transmission has brought renewed urgency to understand the spread of aerosols generated from patients. Viral-laden aerosols generated from oral coughs have been well studied; however, aerosols generated from nasal sneezing has been overlooked. This scenario arises from patients who suffer allergenic rhinosinusitis, or the nasal cavity is irritated, particularly during naso-endoscopy. Nasal sneezing is characterised by an explosive blast of air exiting the nostrils, which can be considered as dual jets, resulting in the spread of viral-laden aerosols remaining suspended in the air. This study used computational fluid dynamics consisting of a hybrid RANS-LES turbulence method to model the airflow and the discrete phase model to track aerosol dispersion during nasal sneezing. The results demonstrated that the exhaled airflow jets during nasal sneezing resemble the flow characteristics of two parallel jets in co-flow. These two jets interfere with each other in the merging zone, and after they merge, the sneeze plume expands radially. The nasal sneeze forms a V-shaped plume with smaller particles in the core region. At the end of the sneeze, when the exhaled jets have lost their initial momentum, the large particle dispersion is dominated by gravity. We detected the presence of a ‘sneeze puff’ that transport droplets away from the body, similar to the buoyant puff observed in recent COVID-19 studies of oral coughs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4db467285cb04d39a320c1a0b80f92ad |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-4db467285cb04d39a320c1a0b80f92ad2025-02-09T12:17:10ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092022-03-0122411710.4209/aaqr.210338Exhaled Jet and Viral-Laden Aerosol Transport from Nasal SneezingHana Salati0David F. Fletcher1Mehrdad Khamooshi2Jingliang Dong3Kazuhide Ito4Sara Vahaji5Kiao Inthavong6School of Engineering, RMIT UniversitySchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of SydneySchool of Engineering, RMIT UniversitySchool of Engineering, RMIT UniversityFaculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu UniversitySchool of Engineering, RMIT UniversitySchool of Engineering, RMIT UniversityAbstract The recognition that the spread of COVID-19 is primarily through airborne transmission has brought renewed urgency to understand the spread of aerosols generated from patients. Viral-laden aerosols generated from oral coughs have been well studied; however, aerosols generated from nasal sneezing has been overlooked. This scenario arises from patients who suffer allergenic rhinosinusitis, or the nasal cavity is irritated, particularly during naso-endoscopy. Nasal sneezing is characterised by an explosive blast of air exiting the nostrils, which can be considered as dual jets, resulting in the spread of viral-laden aerosols remaining suspended in the air. This study used computational fluid dynamics consisting of a hybrid RANS-LES turbulence method to model the airflow and the discrete phase model to track aerosol dispersion during nasal sneezing. The results demonstrated that the exhaled airflow jets during nasal sneezing resemble the flow characteristics of two parallel jets in co-flow. These two jets interfere with each other in the merging zone, and after they merge, the sneeze plume expands radially. The nasal sneeze forms a V-shaped plume with smaller particles in the core region. At the end of the sneeze, when the exhaled jets have lost their initial momentum, the large particle dispersion is dominated by gravity. We detected the presence of a ‘sneeze puff’ that transport droplets away from the body, similar to the buoyant puff observed in recent COVID-19 studies of oral coughs.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210338Aerosol dispersionCFDSneeze jetNasal cavityDroplet evaporation |
| spellingShingle | Hana Salati David F. Fletcher Mehrdad Khamooshi Jingliang Dong Kazuhide Ito Sara Vahaji Kiao Inthavong Exhaled Jet and Viral-Laden Aerosol Transport from Nasal Sneezing Aerosol and Air Quality Research Aerosol dispersion CFD Sneeze jet Nasal cavity Droplet evaporation |
| title | Exhaled Jet and Viral-Laden Aerosol Transport from Nasal Sneezing |
| title_full | Exhaled Jet and Viral-Laden Aerosol Transport from Nasal Sneezing |
| title_fullStr | Exhaled Jet and Viral-Laden Aerosol Transport from Nasal Sneezing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exhaled Jet and Viral-Laden Aerosol Transport from Nasal Sneezing |
| title_short | Exhaled Jet and Viral-Laden Aerosol Transport from Nasal Sneezing |
| title_sort | exhaled jet and viral laden aerosol transport from nasal sneezing |
| topic | Aerosol dispersion CFD Sneeze jet Nasal cavity Droplet evaporation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210338 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hanasalati exhaledjetandviralladenaerosoltransportfromnasalsneezing AT davidffletcher exhaledjetandviralladenaerosoltransportfromnasalsneezing AT mehrdadkhamooshi exhaledjetandviralladenaerosoltransportfromnasalsneezing AT jingliangdong exhaledjetandviralladenaerosoltransportfromnasalsneezing AT kazuhideito exhaledjetandviralladenaerosoltransportfromnasalsneezing AT saravahaji exhaledjetandviralladenaerosoltransportfromnasalsneezing AT kiaointhavong exhaledjetandviralladenaerosoltransportfromnasalsneezing |