Study on Model-Based Estimation of Continuous Blood Pressure From Pulse Arrival Time Using Two Doppler Radar Sensors

A unique method for extracting heartbeat and arterial pulse from noisy signals, based on mathematical models of heart and arterial movements, was proposed and evaluated for non-contact and continuous blood pressure (BP) estimation using pulse arrival time (PAT) for nine healthy participants, consist...

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Main Authors: Takashi Ota, Kosuke Okusa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11031448/
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author Takashi Ota
Kosuke Okusa
author_facet Takashi Ota
Kosuke Okusa
author_sort Takashi Ota
collection DOAJ
description A unique method for extracting heartbeat and arterial pulse from noisy signals, based on mathematical models of heart and arterial movements, was proposed and evaluated for non-contact and continuous blood pressure (BP) estimation using pulse arrival time (PAT) for nine healthy participants, consisting of four females and five males. PAT was calculated from two Doppler radars positioned 0.5 meters away from the chest and inguinal sites. With this setup, conventional methods relying on low-noise signals failed to extract waveforms effectively due to weak and noisy radar signals. The proposed method generates templates of baseband signals of Doppler radar simulated from mathematical models, incorporating heart and arterial movements during systole and diastole. Using the proposed method, the Pearson correlation coefficient between heart rate and pulse rate was found to be a strong linear correlation of 0.99 (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p~\lt 0.01$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) compared to 0.96 (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p~\lt 0.01$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) obtained using the conventional method of peak detection. The standard deviations of the difference between estimated BP and measured BP were 9.93 mmHg for systolic BP and 10.51 mmHg for diastolic BP, where conventional peak detection methods proved unsuitable for BP estimation. During the Valsalva maneuver, estimated systolic BP exhibited changes consistent with typical BP variations, confirming the method&#x2019;s potential for practical application.
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spelling doaj-art-4db01204cb04420f840ea37c27eaa9712025-08-20T02:07:31ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011310250510251510.1109/ACCESS.2025.357924311031448Study on Model-Based Estimation of Continuous Blood Pressure From Pulse Arrival Time Using Two Doppler Radar SensorsTakashi Ota0Kosuke Okusa1https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1211-9290Department of Data Science for Business Innovation, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Data Science for Business Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, JapanA unique method for extracting heartbeat and arterial pulse from noisy signals, based on mathematical models of heart and arterial movements, was proposed and evaluated for non-contact and continuous blood pressure (BP) estimation using pulse arrival time (PAT) for nine healthy participants, consisting of four females and five males. PAT was calculated from two Doppler radars positioned 0.5 meters away from the chest and inguinal sites. With this setup, conventional methods relying on low-noise signals failed to extract waveforms effectively due to weak and noisy radar signals. The proposed method generates templates of baseband signals of Doppler radar simulated from mathematical models, incorporating heart and arterial movements during systole and diastole. Using the proposed method, the Pearson correlation coefficient between heart rate and pulse rate was found to be a strong linear correlation of 0.99 (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p~\lt 0.01$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) compared to 0.96 (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p~\lt 0.01$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) obtained using the conventional method of peak detection. The standard deviations of the difference between estimated BP and measured BP were 9.93 mmHg for systolic BP and 10.51 mmHg for diastolic BP, where conventional peak detection methods proved unsuitable for BP estimation. During the Valsalva maneuver, estimated systolic BP exhibited changes consistent with typical BP variations, confirming the method&#x2019;s potential for practical application.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11031448/Non-contact vital monitoringtemplate matchingsimulationValsalva maneuver
spellingShingle Takashi Ota
Kosuke Okusa
Study on Model-Based Estimation of Continuous Blood Pressure From Pulse Arrival Time Using Two Doppler Radar Sensors
IEEE Access
Non-contact vital monitoring
template matching
simulation
Valsalva maneuver
title Study on Model-Based Estimation of Continuous Blood Pressure From Pulse Arrival Time Using Two Doppler Radar Sensors
title_full Study on Model-Based Estimation of Continuous Blood Pressure From Pulse Arrival Time Using Two Doppler Radar Sensors
title_fullStr Study on Model-Based Estimation of Continuous Blood Pressure From Pulse Arrival Time Using Two Doppler Radar Sensors
title_full_unstemmed Study on Model-Based Estimation of Continuous Blood Pressure From Pulse Arrival Time Using Two Doppler Radar Sensors
title_short Study on Model-Based Estimation of Continuous Blood Pressure From Pulse Arrival Time Using Two Doppler Radar Sensors
title_sort study on model based estimation of continuous blood pressure from pulse arrival time using two doppler radar sensors
topic Non-contact vital monitoring
template matching
simulation
Valsalva maneuver
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11031448/
work_keys_str_mv AT takashiota studyonmodelbasedestimationofcontinuousbloodpressurefrompulsearrivaltimeusingtwodopplerradarsensors
AT kosukeokusa studyonmodelbasedestimationofcontinuousbloodpressurefrompulsearrivaltimeusingtwodopplerradarsensors