Covert Underwater Acoustic Communication Using Marine Ambient Noise Without Detectable Features
Learning from steganography, this study considers ocean ambient noise as a carrier and proposes a covert underwater acoustic communication scheme without detectable and repetitive features. We modulate the information in the parameters of the steganography operation rather than the specific signal w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/12/2217 |
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| _version_ | 1850240827922579456 |
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| author | Biao Liu Jianchun Huang Ning Jia Biao Wang Shengming Guo |
| author_facet | Biao Liu Jianchun Huang Ning Jia Biao Wang Shengming Guo |
| author_sort | Biao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Learning from steganography, this study considers ocean ambient noise as a carrier and proposes a covert underwater acoustic communication scheme without detectable and repetitive features. We modulate the information in the parameters of the steganography operation rather than the specific signal waveforms. The steganography operation mainly includes three steps: symmetrical division, phase rotation, and time–domain inversion. The rotation phases are related to the transmitted information. The receiver demodulates by performing the same operation, like transmitter without knowing transmitted waveforms. Therefore, we can use countless ocean ambient noise signals to transmit the same information, which can avoid repetitive features. To optimize the communication performance, the relationship between the demodulation output value and the rotation phases is derived, and the optimal modulation parameter setting methods of modulation are given. Finally, the simulation and sea trial results show that the bit error ratio of the studied covert underwater acoustic communication scheme is approximately 5 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at a signal-to-noise ratio of −4 dB, which verifies the effectiveness of the scheme, and the rate is 4 bps. And the results of cyclic spectrum, cepstrum and square frequency-doubling methods show that the signal of the studied scheme does not have any detectable features. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4da1be7c4bd645af8a78d5fcab7c5cb9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-4da1be7c4bd645af8a78d5fcab7c5cb92025-08-20T02:00:46ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122024-12-011212221710.3390/jmse12122217Covert Underwater Acoustic Communication Using Marine Ambient Noise Without Detectable FeaturesBiao Liu0Jianchun Huang1Ning Jia2Biao Wang3Shengming Guo4Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, ChinaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaOcean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, ChinaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaLearning from steganography, this study considers ocean ambient noise as a carrier and proposes a covert underwater acoustic communication scheme without detectable and repetitive features. We modulate the information in the parameters of the steganography operation rather than the specific signal waveforms. The steganography operation mainly includes three steps: symmetrical division, phase rotation, and time–domain inversion. The rotation phases are related to the transmitted information. The receiver demodulates by performing the same operation, like transmitter without knowing transmitted waveforms. Therefore, we can use countless ocean ambient noise signals to transmit the same information, which can avoid repetitive features. To optimize the communication performance, the relationship between the demodulation output value and the rotation phases is derived, and the optimal modulation parameter setting methods of modulation are given. Finally, the simulation and sea trial results show that the bit error ratio of the studied covert underwater acoustic communication scheme is approximately 5 × 10<sup>−4</sup> at a signal-to-noise ratio of −4 dB, which verifies the effectiveness of the scheme, and the rate is 4 bps. And the results of cyclic spectrum, cepstrum and square frequency-doubling methods show that the signal of the studied scheme does not have any detectable features.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/12/2217covert underwater acoustic communicationsteganographyoptimal modulation parameters |
| spellingShingle | Biao Liu Jianchun Huang Ning Jia Biao Wang Shengming Guo Covert Underwater Acoustic Communication Using Marine Ambient Noise Without Detectable Features Journal of Marine Science and Engineering covert underwater acoustic communication steganography optimal modulation parameters |
| title | Covert Underwater Acoustic Communication Using Marine Ambient Noise Without Detectable Features |
| title_full | Covert Underwater Acoustic Communication Using Marine Ambient Noise Without Detectable Features |
| title_fullStr | Covert Underwater Acoustic Communication Using Marine Ambient Noise Without Detectable Features |
| title_full_unstemmed | Covert Underwater Acoustic Communication Using Marine Ambient Noise Without Detectable Features |
| title_short | Covert Underwater Acoustic Communication Using Marine Ambient Noise Without Detectable Features |
| title_sort | covert underwater acoustic communication using marine ambient noise without detectable features |
| topic | covert underwater acoustic communication steganography optimal modulation parameters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/12/2217 |
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