New method for cytological evaluation using direct nipple discharge without aspiration
Abstract Conventional smear cytology (CSC) is a specific method used for breast tumor diagnosis in patients with nipple discharge. However, CSC tends to miss diagnose or even misdiagnose due to contaminating blood cells and other impurities. Thus, it is critical to develop more accurate and sensitiv...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88456-9 |
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| author | Jiang Zhu Han Cong Xiaotong Zhang Xiaoya Dong Song Zhao Chaolu Hu Jude Ranchu Maimo Yawen Wang Kai Zhang Jianli Wang Pengyu Li Rong Ma |
| author_facet | Jiang Zhu Han Cong Xiaotong Zhang Xiaoya Dong Song Zhao Chaolu Hu Jude Ranchu Maimo Yawen Wang Kai Zhang Jianli Wang Pengyu Li Rong Ma |
| author_sort | Jiang Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Conventional smear cytology (CSC) is a specific method used for breast tumor diagnosis in patients with nipple discharge. However, CSC tends to miss diagnose or even misdiagnose due to contaminating blood cells and other impurities. Thus, it is critical to develop more accurate and sensitive methods for clinical evaluation. Using nipple discharge collected directly from patients without aspiration, we performed liquid-based cytology (LBC) to analyze 111 collected samples for cytological evaluation for the first time. Following centrifugation to remove blood cells and protein contaminants, the sample of each nipple discharge was analyzed by light microscopy. In parallel, CSC was performed for comparison. Our results showed LBC has better diagnostic sensitivity than CSC (40.00% vs. 22.22%, $$\chi^{2}$$ = 6.636, P = 0.01). The specificity was improved (LBC 100% vs. CSC 95.2%) and area under the curve was also enhanced (AUCLBC=0.700 vs. AUCCSC=0.587). Moreover, LBC images have a cleaner background, clearer field of view, uniform cell arrangement, and improved colour contrast, with an overall image quality significantly better than CSC. Therefore, LBC provides a new and better diagnostic method for early detection of breast tumors with nipple discharge. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4d9ac89ab3fa4cc3a4b4fca8a1ada47c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-4d9ac89ab3fa4cc3a4b4fca8a1ada47c2025-02-09T12:35:20ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-88456-9New method for cytological evaluation using direct nipple discharge without aspirationJiang Zhu0Han Cong1Xiaotong Zhang2Xiaoya Dong3Song Zhao4Chaolu Hu5Jude Ranchu Maimo6Yawen Wang7Kai Zhang8Jianli Wang9Pengyu Li10Rong Ma11Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityDepartment of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityDepartment of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityLaboratory of Cytology, Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityDepartment of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityDepartment of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityDepartment of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityDepartment of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityDepartment of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityDepartment of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityDepartment of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityDepartment of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityAbstract Conventional smear cytology (CSC) is a specific method used for breast tumor diagnosis in patients with nipple discharge. However, CSC tends to miss diagnose or even misdiagnose due to contaminating blood cells and other impurities. Thus, it is critical to develop more accurate and sensitive methods for clinical evaluation. Using nipple discharge collected directly from patients without aspiration, we performed liquid-based cytology (LBC) to analyze 111 collected samples for cytological evaluation for the first time. Following centrifugation to remove blood cells and protein contaminants, the sample of each nipple discharge was analyzed by light microscopy. In parallel, CSC was performed for comparison. Our results showed LBC has better diagnostic sensitivity than CSC (40.00% vs. 22.22%, $$\chi^{2}$$ = 6.636, P = 0.01). The specificity was improved (LBC 100% vs. CSC 95.2%) and area under the curve was also enhanced (AUCLBC=0.700 vs. AUCCSC=0.587). Moreover, LBC images have a cleaner background, clearer field of view, uniform cell arrangement, and improved colour contrast, with an overall image quality significantly better than CSC. Therefore, LBC provides a new and better diagnostic method for early detection of breast tumors with nipple discharge.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88456-9Liquid-based cytologyDiagnosisBreast cancerNipple discharge |
| spellingShingle | Jiang Zhu Han Cong Xiaotong Zhang Xiaoya Dong Song Zhao Chaolu Hu Jude Ranchu Maimo Yawen Wang Kai Zhang Jianli Wang Pengyu Li Rong Ma New method for cytological evaluation using direct nipple discharge without aspiration Scientific Reports Liquid-based cytology Diagnosis Breast cancer Nipple discharge |
| title | New method for cytological evaluation using direct nipple discharge without aspiration |
| title_full | New method for cytological evaluation using direct nipple discharge without aspiration |
| title_fullStr | New method for cytological evaluation using direct nipple discharge without aspiration |
| title_full_unstemmed | New method for cytological evaluation using direct nipple discharge without aspiration |
| title_short | New method for cytological evaluation using direct nipple discharge without aspiration |
| title_sort | new method for cytological evaluation using direct nipple discharge without aspiration |
| topic | Liquid-based cytology Diagnosis Breast cancer Nipple discharge |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88456-9 |
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