Acute Spontaneous Coronary Artery Thrombosis as Initial Presentation of HIV Infection in a Young Man

Introduction. The presentation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young HIV patients may be atypical with different pathophysiological and clinical features. Acute coronary thrombosis, as a presentation of acute coronary syndrome in young patients with HIV, raises diagnostic and treatment challenge...

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Main Authors: James Kayima, Wilson Nyakoojo, Damalie Nakanjako, Marco A. Costa, Christopher T. Longenecker, Daniel I. Simon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2015-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Cardiology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/342348
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author James Kayima
Wilson Nyakoojo
Damalie Nakanjako
Marco A. Costa
Christopher T. Longenecker
Daniel I. Simon
author_facet James Kayima
Wilson Nyakoojo
Damalie Nakanjako
Marco A. Costa
Christopher T. Longenecker
Daniel I. Simon
author_sort James Kayima
collection DOAJ
description Introduction. The presentation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young HIV patients may be atypical with different pathophysiological and clinical features. Acute coronary thrombosis, as a presentation of acute coronary syndrome in young patients with HIV, raises diagnostic and treatment challenges. Case Presentation. We describe a case of a 33-year-old African man, without traditional atherosclerotic risk factors, who presented with chest pain of acute onset. Emergent coronary angiography revealed extensive thrombus in the left anterior descending coronary artery with no evidence of atherosclerosis in this or other coronary vessels. Plaque and/or thrombus prolapse through the stent was noted following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Resolution of chest pain and improvement in ST-segment elevation was noted after the procedure. A diagnosis of HIV infection was made during the workup for HIV infection. Conclusion. In young patients without traditional risk factors, HIV infection is a possible etiological factor for spontaneous coronary artery thrombosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with this presentation may be compounded with atherothrombotic complications. The likely pathophysiological pathway is superficial endothelial cell denudation as a result of chronic inflammation and immune activation.
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spelling doaj-art-4d9155dec6b04507b42d347837e5953e2025-08-20T03:36:22ZengWileyCase Reports in Cardiology2090-64042090-64122015-01-01201510.1155/2015/342348342348Acute Spontaneous Coronary Artery Thrombosis as Initial Presentation of HIV Infection in a Young ManJames Kayima0Wilson Nyakoojo1Damalie Nakanjako2Marco A. Costa3Christopher T. Longenecker4Daniel I. Simon5Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, UgandaUganda Heart Institute, Ward 1C, Mulago Hospital Complex, P.O. Box 7051, Kampala, UgandaDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, UgandaHarrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USAHarrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USAHarrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USAIntroduction. The presentation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young HIV patients may be atypical with different pathophysiological and clinical features. Acute coronary thrombosis, as a presentation of acute coronary syndrome in young patients with HIV, raises diagnostic and treatment challenges. Case Presentation. We describe a case of a 33-year-old African man, without traditional atherosclerotic risk factors, who presented with chest pain of acute onset. Emergent coronary angiography revealed extensive thrombus in the left anterior descending coronary artery with no evidence of atherosclerosis in this or other coronary vessels. Plaque and/or thrombus prolapse through the stent was noted following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Resolution of chest pain and improvement in ST-segment elevation was noted after the procedure. A diagnosis of HIV infection was made during the workup for HIV infection. Conclusion. In young patients without traditional risk factors, HIV infection is a possible etiological factor for spontaneous coronary artery thrombosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with this presentation may be compounded with atherothrombotic complications. The likely pathophysiological pathway is superficial endothelial cell denudation as a result of chronic inflammation and immune activation.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/342348
spellingShingle James Kayima
Wilson Nyakoojo
Damalie Nakanjako
Marco A. Costa
Christopher T. Longenecker
Daniel I. Simon
Acute Spontaneous Coronary Artery Thrombosis as Initial Presentation of HIV Infection in a Young Man
Case Reports in Cardiology
title Acute Spontaneous Coronary Artery Thrombosis as Initial Presentation of HIV Infection in a Young Man
title_full Acute Spontaneous Coronary Artery Thrombosis as Initial Presentation of HIV Infection in a Young Man
title_fullStr Acute Spontaneous Coronary Artery Thrombosis as Initial Presentation of HIV Infection in a Young Man
title_full_unstemmed Acute Spontaneous Coronary Artery Thrombosis as Initial Presentation of HIV Infection in a Young Man
title_short Acute Spontaneous Coronary Artery Thrombosis as Initial Presentation of HIV Infection in a Young Man
title_sort acute spontaneous coronary artery thrombosis as initial presentation of hiv infection in a young man
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/342348
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