The Influence of the Outdoor Atmospheric Environment on the Airflow Pattern in a Multi-Layer Plant with Vertically Connected Space and Heat Sources
The airflow within industrial buildings under natural ventilation is influenced by both internal conditions and external environments. Multi-layer vertically connected plants include a vertically connected space and multiple heat sources distributed on different floors. Due to its complex internal c...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Yingxue Cao Keke Li Yi Wang Yihan Xu Yang Yang Honggang Yang Chaowei Liu |
| author_facet | Yingxue Cao Keke Li Yi Wang Yihan Xu Yang Yang Honggang Yang Chaowei Liu |
| author_sort | Yingxue Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The airflow within industrial buildings under natural ventilation is influenced by both internal conditions and external environments. Multi-layer vertically connected plants include a vertically connected space and multiple heat sources distributed on different floors. Due to its complex internal conditions, airflow patterns under natural ventilation in this type of plant are not clear. In this work, we numerically investigate the influence of outdoor wind and thermal pressure on the airflow patterns within this type of plant. The findings indicate that with no outdoor thermal and wind pressure, the airflow crosses the layers from the bottom to the top, while intermediate layers tend to present independent airflows. As the ratio of the Grashof numbers of outdoor thermal pressure and indoor heat source (<i>Gr</i><sub>i−o</sub>/<i>Gr</i><sub>s</sub>) increases from 0 to 0.2, the airflow in the plant changes pattern from a middle layer alone type to the pattern of each layer mixed. Furthermore, when the ratio of the natural ventilation Reynolds number to the indoor heat source Grashof number (<i>Re</i><sub>o</sub>/<i>Gr</i><sub>s</sub>) rises from 0 to 9.7 × 10<sup>−8</sup>, the airflow pattern in the plant radically changes from a middle layer alone type to straight through flow. This study provides an important reference for optimizing the natural ventilation environment in such plants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4d89bf2034b749eea3331edbb9799481 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj-art-4d89bf2034b749eea3331edbb97994812025-08-20T01:56:17ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-05-011510173910.3390/buildings15101739The Influence of the Outdoor Atmospheric Environment on the Airflow Pattern in a Multi-Layer Plant with Vertically Connected Space and Heat SourcesYingxue Cao0Keke Li1Yi Wang2Yihan Xu3Yang Yang4Honggang Yang5Chaowei Liu6State Key Laboratory of Green Building, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaSchool of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Green Building, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaSchool of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaSchool of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaSchool of Resource Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaSchool of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaThe airflow within industrial buildings under natural ventilation is influenced by both internal conditions and external environments. Multi-layer vertically connected plants include a vertically connected space and multiple heat sources distributed on different floors. Due to its complex internal conditions, airflow patterns under natural ventilation in this type of plant are not clear. In this work, we numerically investigate the influence of outdoor wind and thermal pressure on the airflow patterns within this type of plant. The findings indicate that with no outdoor thermal and wind pressure, the airflow crosses the layers from the bottom to the top, while intermediate layers tend to present independent airflows. As the ratio of the Grashof numbers of outdoor thermal pressure and indoor heat source (<i>Gr</i><sub>i−o</sub>/<i>Gr</i><sub>s</sub>) increases from 0 to 0.2, the airflow in the plant changes pattern from a middle layer alone type to the pattern of each layer mixed. Furthermore, when the ratio of the natural ventilation Reynolds number to the indoor heat source Grashof number (<i>Re</i><sub>o</sub>/<i>Gr</i><sub>s</sub>) rises from 0 to 9.7 × 10<sup>−8</sup>, the airflow pattern in the plant radically changes from a middle layer alone type to straight through flow. This study provides an important reference for optimizing the natural ventilation environment in such plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/10/1739industrial buildingnatural ventilationairflow patternCFDventilation volume |
| spellingShingle | Yingxue Cao Keke Li Yi Wang Yihan Xu Yang Yang Honggang Yang Chaowei Liu The Influence of the Outdoor Atmospheric Environment on the Airflow Pattern in a Multi-Layer Plant with Vertically Connected Space and Heat Sources Buildings industrial building natural ventilation airflow pattern CFD ventilation volume |
| title | The Influence of the Outdoor Atmospheric Environment on the Airflow Pattern in a Multi-Layer Plant with Vertically Connected Space and Heat Sources |
| title_full | The Influence of the Outdoor Atmospheric Environment on the Airflow Pattern in a Multi-Layer Plant with Vertically Connected Space and Heat Sources |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of the Outdoor Atmospheric Environment on the Airflow Pattern in a Multi-Layer Plant with Vertically Connected Space and Heat Sources |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of the Outdoor Atmospheric Environment on the Airflow Pattern in a Multi-Layer Plant with Vertically Connected Space and Heat Sources |
| title_short | The Influence of the Outdoor Atmospheric Environment on the Airflow Pattern in a Multi-Layer Plant with Vertically Connected Space and Heat Sources |
| title_sort | influence of the outdoor atmospheric environment on the airflow pattern in a multi layer plant with vertically connected space and heat sources |
| topic | industrial building natural ventilation airflow pattern CFD ventilation volume |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/10/1739 |
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