Acute Kidney Injury due to Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy : A Suggestion for Therapy

The relationship between kidneys and anticoagulation is complex, especially after introduction of the direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). It is recently growing evidence of an anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN), a form of acute kidney injury caused by excessive anticoagulation. The pathogenesis...

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Main Authors: Letizia Zeni, Chiara Manenti, Simona Fisogni, Vincenzo Terlizzi, Federica Verzeletti, Mario Gaggiotti, Giovanni Cancarini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Nephrology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8952670
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author Letizia Zeni
Chiara Manenti
Simona Fisogni
Vincenzo Terlizzi
Federica Verzeletti
Mario Gaggiotti
Giovanni Cancarini
author_facet Letizia Zeni
Chiara Manenti
Simona Fisogni
Vincenzo Terlizzi
Federica Verzeletti
Mario Gaggiotti
Giovanni Cancarini
author_sort Letizia Zeni
collection DOAJ
description The relationship between kidneys and anticoagulation is complex, especially after introduction of the direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). It is recently growing evidence of an anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN), a form of acute kidney injury caused by excessive anticoagulation. The pathogenesis of kidney damage in this setting is multifactorial, and nowadays, there is no established treatment. We describe a case of ARN, admitted to our Nephrology Unit with a strong suspicion of ANCA-associated vasculitis due to gross haematuria and haemoptysis; the patient was being given dabigatran. Renal biopsy excluded ANCA-associated vasculitis and diagnosed a red blood cell cast nephropathy superimposed to an underlying IgA nephropathy. Several mechanisms are possibly responsible for kidney injury in ARN: tubular obstruction, cytotoxicity of heme-containing molecules and free iron, and activation of proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokines. Therefore, the patient was given a multilevel strategy of treatment. A combination of reversal of coagulopathy (i.e., withdrawal of dabigatran and infusion of its specific antidote) along with administration of fluids, sodium bicarbonate, steroids, and mannitol resulted in conservative management of AKI and fast recovery of renal function. This observation could suggest a prospective study aiming to find the best therapy of ARN.
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series Case Reports in Nephrology
spelling doaj-art-4d830d4e447045389a09ecd636eb0f142025-08-20T02:38:43ZengWileyCase Reports in Nephrology2090-66412090-665X2020-01-01202010.1155/2020/89526708952670Acute Kidney Injury due to Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy : A Suggestion for TherapyLetizia Zeni0Chiara Manenti1Simona Fisogni2Vincenzo Terlizzi3Federica Verzeletti4Mario Gaggiotti5Giovanni Cancarini6University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, ItalyO. U. of Nephrology, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, ItalyNephrology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, ItalyO. U. of Nephrology, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, ItalyO. U. of Nephrology, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, ItalyO. U. of Nephrology, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, ItalyO. U. of Nephrology, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, ItalyThe relationship between kidneys and anticoagulation is complex, especially after introduction of the direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). It is recently growing evidence of an anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN), a form of acute kidney injury caused by excessive anticoagulation. The pathogenesis of kidney damage in this setting is multifactorial, and nowadays, there is no established treatment. We describe a case of ARN, admitted to our Nephrology Unit with a strong suspicion of ANCA-associated vasculitis due to gross haematuria and haemoptysis; the patient was being given dabigatran. Renal biopsy excluded ANCA-associated vasculitis and diagnosed a red blood cell cast nephropathy superimposed to an underlying IgA nephropathy. Several mechanisms are possibly responsible for kidney injury in ARN: tubular obstruction, cytotoxicity of heme-containing molecules and free iron, and activation of proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokines. Therefore, the patient was given a multilevel strategy of treatment. A combination of reversal of coagulopathy (i.e., withdrawal of dabigatran and infusion of its specific antidote) along with administration of fluids, sodium bicarbonate, steroids, and mannitol resulted in conservative management of AKI and fast recovery of renal function. This observation could suggest a prospective study aiming to find the best therapy of ARN.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8952670
spellingShingle Letizia Zeni
Chiara Manenti
Simona Fisogni
Vincenzo Terlizzi
Federica Verzeletti
Mario Gaggiotti
Giovanni Cancarini
Acute Kidney Injury due to Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy : A Suggestion for Therapy
Case Reports in Nephrology
title Acute Kidney Injury due to Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy : A Suggestion for Therapy
title_full Acute Kidney Injury due to Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy : A Suggestion for Therapy
title_fullStr Acute Kidney Injury due to Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy : A Suggestion for Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Acute Kidney Injury due to Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy : A Suggestion for Therapy
title_short Acute Kidney Injury due to Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy : A Suggestion for Therapy
title_sort acute kidney injury due to anticoagulant related nephropathy a suggestion for therapy
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8952670
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