Thermo-Mechanical Weathering in Malan Loess Under Thermal Shocks

Extreme climatic conditions characterized by drastic temperature fluctuations exacerbate soil erosion through intensified thermo-mechanical weathering processes. Loess-covered regions are particularly vulnerable to such conditions because of the inherent thermo-sensitivity of loess. A comprehensive...

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Main Authors: Yangqing Gong, Yanrong Li, Shengdi He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3115
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author Yangqing Gong
Yanrong Li
Shengdi He
author_facet Yangqing Gong
Yanrong Li
Shengdi He
author_sort Yangqing Gong
collection DOAJ
description Extreme climatic conditions characterized by drastic temperature fluctuations exacerbate soil erosion through intensified thermo-mechanical weathering processes. Loess-covered regions are particularly vulnerable to such conditions because of the inherent thermo-sensitivity of loess. A comprehensive investigation of mechanisms of thermo-mechanical weathering in loess under extreme temperature regimes holds critical importance for elucidating soil degradation patterns. It is also essential for formulating mitigation strategies in climate-sensitive loess terrains, especially given the increasing frequency of extreme weather events under global warming scenarios. This study employed integrated physical monitoring experiments and numerical modeling. The evolutionary patterns of temperature fields and corresponding thermal stress distributions in loess subjected to both heat shock (rapid heating) and cold shock (rapid cooling) conditions were systematically examined. The key findings are as follows: (1) Soil temperature variations demonstrate phase-lagged responses to ambient thermal variations during both shock scenarios, exhibiting distinct thermal inertia effects. (2) The spatial distribution pattern of thermal stress is predominantly governed by the temperature gradient within the soil matrix. (3) While the magnitude ranges of thermal stress remain comparable between shock types, their directional characteristics fundamentally differ; heat shocks induce surface compressive stresses and internal tensile stresses, whereas cold shocks generate inverse stress patterns. (4) Compared to heat shock, cold shocks trigger obvious surface degradation through tensile stress-induced failure of particle bonds. These mechanically weakened zones establish favorable conditions for subsequent erosion processes in loess landscapes.
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spelling doaj-art-4d701f395997429892e3708c6b2c605f2025-08-20T03:12:04ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012510311510.3390/s25103115Thermo-Mechanical Weathering in Malan Loess Under Thermal ShocksYangqing Gong0Yanrong Li1Shengdi He2Department of Engineering Geology, Faculty of Geological and Surveying Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaDepartment of Engineering Geology, Faculty of Geological and Surveying Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaDepartment of Engineering Geology, Faculty of Geological and Surveying Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaExtreme climatic conditions characterized by drastic temperature fluctuations exacerbate soil erosion through intensified thermo-mechanical weathering processes. Loess-covered regions are particularly vulnerable to such conditions because of the inherent thermo-sensitivity of loess. A comprehensive investigation of mechanisms of thermo-mechanical weathering in loess under extreme temperature regimes holds critical importance for elucidating soil degradation patterns. It is also essential for formulating mitigation strategies in climate-sensitive loess terrains, especially given the increasing frequency of extreme weather events under global warming scenarios. This study employed integrated physical monitoring experiments and numerical modeling. The evolutionary patterns of temperature fields and corresponding thermal stress distributions in loess subjected to both heat shock (rapid heating) and cold shock (rapid cooling) conditions were systematically examined. The key findings are as follows: (1) Soil temperature variations demonstrate phase-lagged responses to ambient thermal variations during both shock scenarios, exhibiting distinct thermal inertia effects. (2) The spatial distribution pattern of thermal stress is predominantly governed by the temperature gradient within the soil matrix. (3) While the magnitude ranges of thermal stress remain comparable between shock types, their directional characteristics fundamentally differ; heat shocks induce surface compressive stresses and internal tensile stresses, whereas cold shocks generate inverse stress patterns. (4) Compared to heat shock, cold shocks trigger obvious surface degradation through tensile stress-induced failure of particle bonds. These mechanically weakened zones establish favorable conditions for subsequent erosion processes in loess landscapes.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3115loessheat shockcold shockweatheringsoil erosion
spellingShingle Yangqing Gong
Yanrong Li
Shengdi He
Thermo-Mechanical Weathering in Malan Loess Under Thermal Shocks
Sensors
loess
heat shock
cold shock
weathering
soil erosion
title Thermo-Mechanical Weathering in Malan Loess Under Thermal Shocks
title_full Thermo-Mechanical Weathering in Malan Loess Under Thermal Shocks
title_fullStr Thermo-Mechanical Weathering in Malan Loess Under Thermal Shocks
title_full_unstemmed Thermo-Mechanical Weathering in Malan Loess Under Thermal Shocks
title_short Thermo-Mechanical Weathering in Malan Loess Under Thermal Shocks
title_sort thermo mechanical weathering in malan loess under thermal shocks
topic loess
heat shock
cold shock
weathering
soil erosion
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3115
work_keys_str_mv AT yangqinggong thermomechanicalweatheringinmalanloessunderthermalshocks
AT yanrongli thermomechanicalweatheringinmalanloessunderthermalshocks
AT shengdihe thermomechanicalweatheringinmalanloessunderthermalshocks