The role of plant oils/lipids as innovative fat replacers in various food products: A review

Due to growing demands for palatable and nutritious food products, liquid plant oils are structured into oleogels and emulsion gels as fat replacers to mimic the physical state of saturated fats. This work reviews the methods of structuring plant oils into fat replacers and the functionality of thes...

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Main Authors: Kok Jia-Wei, Ming Fu, Abu Bakar Asyrul-Izhar, Lilis Suryaningsih, Dicky Tri Utama, Kazem Alirezalu, Mohammad Rashedi Ismail-Fitry
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277250222500318X
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author Kok Jia-Wei
Ming Fu
Abu Bakar Asyrul-Izhar
Lilis Suryaningsih
Dicky Tri Utama
Kazem Alirezalu
Mohammad Rashedi Ismail-Fitry
author_facet Kok Jia-Wei
Ming Fu
Abu Bakar Asyrul-Izhar
Lilis Suryaningsih
Dicky Tri Utama
Kazem Alirezalu
Mohammad Rashedi Ismail-Fitry
author_sort Kok Jia-Wei
collection DOAJ
description Due to growing demands for palatable and nutritious food products, liquid plant oils are structured into oleogels and emulsion gels as fat replacers to mimic the physical state of saturated fats. This work reviews the methods of structuring plant oils into fat replacers and the functionality of these fat replacers, including emulsions and liquid oils, based on their recent applications in meat, bakery, and dairy products. Oleogel is made either by direct or indirect oleogelation, whereas the structuring of a biphasic system generates emulsion gels. The type of gelator and plant oil used influenced the colour, texture, and sensory properties of food products. The plant oil type also affected the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of food. Textural properties were also altered where hardness was the most emphasised and affected, but the changes did not always deteriorate the overall acceptability of fat-replaced samples. Plant oil fat replacers efficiently enhance the fatty acid composition of food products by increasing unsaturated fatty acid content and reducing saturated and trans fatty acid content. However, most products were prone to lipid oxidation, which produced off-flavour compounds that compromised sensory acceptance, therefore, antioxidants could help. Oleogels, emulsion gels and emulsions were equally effective as fat replacers in various food products, and this indicated the successfulness of the oil structuring approaches. Therefore, the research on potential plant oil fat replacers should be expanded. The sensory analysis of reformulated food products is also recommended to better understand the effects of fat replacers on various food products.
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-4d648598ea71454cbe061eb7067f3fac2025-08-20T02:39:55ZengElsevierApplied Food Research2772-50222025-06-015110101010.1016/j.afres.2025.101010The role of plant oils/lipids as innovative fat replacers in various food products: A reviewKok Jia-Wei0Ming Fu1Abu Bakar Asyrul-Izhar2Lilis Suryaningsih3Dicky Tri Utama4Kazem Alirezalu5Mohammad Rashedi Ismail-Fitry6Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; Department of Health Management, Shandong Vocational College of Light Industry, Zibo, ChinaDepartment of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51664, IranDepartment of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; Corresponding author at: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.Due to growing demands for palatable and nutritious food products, liquid plant oils are structured into oleogels and emulsion gels as fat replacers to mimic the physical state of saturated fats. This work reviews the methods of structuring plant oils into fat replacers and the functionality of these fat replacers, including emulsions and liquid oils, based on their recent applications in meat, bakery, and dairy products. Oleogel is made either by direct or indirect oleogelation, whereas the structuring of a biphasic system generates emulsion gels. The type of gelator and plant oil used influenced the colour, texture, and sensory properties of food products. The plant oil type also affected the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of food. Textural properties were also altered where hardness was the most emphasised and affected, but the changes did not always deteriorate the overall acceptability of fat-replaced samples. Plant oil fat replacers efficiently enhance the fatty acid composition of food products by increasing unsaturated fatty acid content and reducing saturated and trans fatty acid content. However, most products were prone to lipid oxidation, which produced off-flavour compounds that compromised sensory acceptance, therefore, antioxidants could help. Oleogels, emulsion gels and emulsions were equally effective as fat replacers in various food products, and this indicated the successfulness of the oil structuring approaches. Therefore, the research on potential plant oil fat replacers should be expanded. The sensory analysis of reformulated food products is also recommended to better understand the effects of fat replacers on various food products.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277250222500318XBakery productsDairy productsEmulsion gelsMeat productsOleogel
spellingShingle Kok Jia-Wei
Ming Fu
Abu Bakar Asyrul-Izhar
Lilis Suryaningsih
Dicky Tri Utama
Kazem Alirezalu
Mohammad Rashedi Ismail-Fitry
The role of plant oils/lipids as innovative fat replacers in various food products: A review
Applied Food Research
Bakery products
Dairy products
Emulsion gels
Meat products
Oleogel
title The role of plant oils/lipids as innovative fat replacers in various food products: A review
title_full The role of plant oils/lipids as innovative fat replacers in various food products: A review
title_fullStr The role of plant oils/lipids as innovative fat replacers in various food products: A review
title_full_unstemmed The role of plant oils/lipids as innovative fat replacers in various food products: A review
title_short The role of plant oils/lipids as innovative fat replacers in various food products: A review
title_sort role of plant oils lipids as innovative fat replacers in various food products a review
topic Bakery products
Dairy products
Emulsion gels
Meat products
Oleogel
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277250222500318X
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