Wnt signaling pathways in biology and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic advances

Abstract The Wnt signaling pathway is critically involved in orchestrating cellular functions such as proliferation, migration, survival, and cell fate determination during development. Given its pivotal role in cellular communication, aberrant Wnt signaling has been extensively linked to the pathog...

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Main Authors: Chen Xue, Qingfei Chu, Qingmiao Shi, Yifan Zeng, Juan Lu, Lanjuan Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-04-01
Series:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02142-w
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author Chen Xue
Qingfei Chu
Qingmiao Shi
Yifan Zeng
Juan Lu
Lanjuan Li
author_facet Chen Xue
Qingfei Chu
Qingmiao Shi
Yifan Zeng
Juan Lu
Lanjuan Li
author_sort Chen Xue
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Wnt signaling pathway is critically involved in orchestrating cellular functions such as proliferation, migration, survival, and cell fate determination during development. Given its pivotal role in cellular communication, aberrant Wnt signaling has been extensively linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the Wnt pathway, detailing its signal transduction mechanisms and principal components. Furthermore, the complex network of interactions between Wnt cascades and other key signaling pathways, such as Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, FGF, and NF-κB, is explored. Genetic mutations affecting the Wnt pathway play a pivotal role in disease progression, with particular emphasis on Wnt signaling’s involvement in cancer stem cell biology and the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, this review underscores the diverse mechanisms through which Wnt signaling contributes to diseases such as cardiovascular conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Finally, a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic progress targeting Wnt signaling was given, and the latest progress in disease treatment targeting key components of the Wnt signaling pathway was summarized in detail, including Wnt ligands/receptors, β-catenin destruction complexes, and β-catenin/TCF transcription complexes. The development of small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and combination therapy strategies was emphasized, while the current potential therapeutic challenges were summarized. This aims to enhance the current understanding of this key pathway.
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spelling doaj-art-4d58e874a58f4f2bbc11b823a4c6f33e2025-08-20T01:56:09ZengNature Publishing GroupSignal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2059-36352025-04-0110114510.1038/s41392-025-02142-wWnt signaling pathways in biology and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic advancesChen Xue0Qingfei Chu1Qingmiao Shi2Yifan Zeng3Juan Lu4Lanjuan Li5State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineAbstract The Wnt signaling pathway is critically involved in orchestrating cellular functions such as proliferation, migration, survival, and cell fate determination during development. Given its pivotal role in cellular communication, aberrant Wnt signaling has been extensively linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the Wnt pathway, detailing its signal transduction mechanisms and principal components. Furthermore, the complex network of interactions between Wnt cascades and other key signaling pathways, such as Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, FGF, and NF-κB, is explored. Genetic mutations affecting the Wnt pathway play a pivotal role in disease progression, with particular emphasis on Wnt signaling’s involvement in cancer stem cell biology and the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, this review underscores the diverse mechanisms through which Wnt signaling contributes to diseases such as cardiovascular conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Finally, a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic progress targeting Wnt signaling was given, and the latest progress in disease treatment targeting key components of the Wnt signaling pathway was summarized in detail, including Wnt ligands/receptors, β-catenin destruction complexes, and β-catenin/TCF transcription complexes. The development of small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and combination therapy strategies was emphasized, while the current potential therapeutic challenges were summarized. This aims to enhance the current understanding of this key pathway.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02142-w
spellingShingle Chen Xue
Qingfei Chu
Qingmiao Shi
Yifan Zeng
Juan Lu
Lanjuan Li
Wnt signaling pathways in biology and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic advances
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
title Wnt signaling pathways in biology and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic advances
title_full Wnt signaling pathways in biology and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic advances
title_fullStr Wnt signaling pathways in biology and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic advances
title_full_unstemmed Wnt signaling pathways in biology and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic advances
title_short Wnt signaling pathways in biology and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic advances
title_sort wnt signaling pathways in biology and disease mechanisms and therapeutic advances
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02142-w
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