Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures
The growing global energy demand and the need for sustainable alternatives have driven the exploration of biomass waste as a renewable energy source. Cassava peel, an abundant agro-industrial residue, holds potential as a feedstock for solid biofuel production through thermochemical processes. This...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025012344 |
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| author | Asri Gani Erdiwansyah Hera Desvita Rizalman Mamat Mohd Fairusham Ghazali Fiqih Ichwansyah Ahmad Naim |
| author_facet | Asri Gani Erdiwansyah Hera Desvita Rizalman Mamat Mohd Fairusham Ghazali Fiqih Ichwansyah Ahmad Naim |
| author_sort | Asri Gani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The growing global energy demand and the need for sustainable alternatives have driven the exploration of biomass waste as a renewable energy source. Cassava peel, an abundant agro-industrial residue, holds potential as a feedstock for solid biofuel production through thermochemical processes. This study aims to investigate the physicochemical transformation of cassava peel into biocoke via low-temperature torrefaction and to evaluate its suitability for energy and environmental applications. Torrefaction was conducted at 150 °C, 160 °C, 170 °C, 180 °C, and 190 °C. Analytical techniques were employed, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), calorimetry, and lignocellulosic composition analysis. FTIR revealed dominant OH, aliphatic C–H, and C–O functional groups, with aromatic and triple-bond structures appearing above 170 °C. SEM analysis showed significant porosity development and surface fragmentation at 180–190 °C. EDS confirmed carbon and oxygen as major elements, while K, Ca, Cl, and Mg were consistently present, and P, S, and Si emerged at 190 °C. The calorific value increased with temperature, peaking at 15.31 MJ/kg at 170 °C. This study is novel in providing a comprehensive, temperature-dependent characterization of cassava peel biocoke, integrating surface chemistry, mineral exposure, and energy content. Unlike previous studies focusing only on proximate analysis, this work links structural changes with functional reactivity. In conclusion, cassava peel demonstrates strong potential as a low-cost, hemicellulose-rich biomass for producing porous and moderately energetic biocoke under mild thermal conditions, suitable for combustion, adsorption, and environmental applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4d411cbc4355488f9db97adf465ce111 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-4d411cbc4355488f9db97adf465ce1112025-08-20T02:28:41ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610515910.1016/j.rineng.2025.105159Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperaturesAsri Gani0 Erdiwansyah1Hera Desvita2Rizalman Mamat3Mohd Fairusham Ghazali4Fiqih Ichwansyah5Ahmad Naim6Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaDepartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Banda Aceh 23245, Indonesia; Centre for Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan 26600, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agenc (BRIN), Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, IndonesiaDepartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Banda Aceh 23245, IndonesiaCentre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Processes, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah, Pahang, Gambang, 26300, Malaysia; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao St, Go Vap, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaThe growing global energy demand and the need for sustainable alternatives have driven the exploration of biomass waste as a renewable energy source. Cassava peel, an abundant agro-industrial residue, holds potential as a feedstock for solid biofuel production through thermochemical processes. This study aims to investigate the physicochemical transformation of cassava peel into biocoke via low-temperature torrefaction and to evaluate its suitability for energy and environmental applications. Torrefaction was conducted at 150 °C, 160 °C, 170 °C, 180 °C, and 190 °C. Analytical techniques were employed, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), calorimetry, and lignocellulosic composition analysis. FTIR revealed dominant OH, aliphatic C–H, and C–O functional groups, with aromatic and triple-bond structures appearing above 170 °C. SEM analysis showed significant porosity development and surface fragmentation at 180–190 °C. EDS confirmed carbon and oxygen as major elements, while K, Ca, Cl, and Mg were consistently present, and P, S, and Si emerged at 190 °C. The calorific value increased with temperature, peaking at 15.31 MJ/kg at 170 °C. This study is novel in providing a comprehensive, temperature-dependent characterization of cassava peel biocoke, integrating surface chemistry, mineral exposure, and energy content. Unlike previous studies focusing only on proximate analysis, this work links structural changes with functional reactivity. In conclusion, cassava peel demonstrates strong potential as a low-cost, hemicellulose-rich biomass for producing porous and moderately energetic biocoke under mild thermal conditions, suitable for combustion, adsorption, and environmental applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025012344Cassava peelBiocokeTorrefactionSurface morphologyCalorific Value |
| spellingShingle | Asri Gani Erdiwansyah Hera Desvita Rizalman Mamat Mohd Fairusham Ghazali Fiqih Ichwansyah Ahmad Naim Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures Results in Engineering Cassava peel Biocoke Torrefaction Surface morphology Calorific Value |
| title | Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| title_full | Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| title_fullStr | Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| title_short | Thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| title_sort | thermochemical characterization of cassava peel biocoke for renewable energy at varying pyrolysis temperatures |
| topic | Cassava peel Biocoke Torrefaction Surface morphology Calorific Value |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025012344 |
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