The influence of gut microbiota on the gut-brain-kidney axis and its implications for chronic kidney disease
The gut-brain-kidney axis represents a dynamic interplay among the gut microbiota, renal function, and neurological processes, emerging as a critical factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathophysiology. This paper reviews recent data on the mechanisms and pathways that integrate gut-brain-kidney...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1535356/full |
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| author | Jue Zhu Yutong Fu Yutong Fu Chinasa Valerie Olovo Chinasa Valerie Olovo Jianguo Xu Qian Wu Wei Wei Ke Jiang Ke Jiang Xueming Zheng Xueming Zheng |
| author_facet | Jue Zhu Yutong Fu Yutong Fu Chinasa Valerie Olovo Chinasa Valerie Olovo Jianguo Xu Qian Wu Wei Wei Ke Jiang Ke Jiang Xueming Zheng Xueming Zheng |
| author_sort | Jue Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gut-brain-kidney axis represents a dynamic interplay among the gut microbiota, renal function, and neurological processes, emerging as a critical factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathophysiology. This paper reviews recent data on the mechanisms and pathways that integrate gut-brain-kidney signaling and communication, advances in our understanding of this axis, and potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and interventions for CKD. Literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase using a combination of the keywords gut microbiota, gut microbiome, gut-brain axis, gut-kidney axis, gut-brain-kidney axis, chronic kidney disease, dysbiosis, therapy, metabolites, and neuroinflammation.” Relevant studies were selected and synthesized in this narrative review. Gut dysbiosis, characterized by microbial composition and function alterations, contributes to systemic inflammation and metabolic imbalances, exacerbating CKD progression. Uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, derived from microbial metabolism, impair kidney function and disrupt neurocognitive health via oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, highlighting the interconnectedness of these systems. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics have elucidated mechanisms linking gut microbiota and associated metabolites to kidney and brain health, revealing the role of microbial diversity and metabolite profiles in disease outcomes. Studies demonstrate that probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota can modulate systemic inflammation and reduce uremic toxin levels, offering therapeutic potential. Understanding the bidirectional signaling within the gut-brain-kidney axis opens avenues for novel biomarkers and interventions in CKD management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4d3085f4ec09446a83e429b931bb6743 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-4d3085f4ec09446a83e429b931bb67432025-08-20T02:36:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-07-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15353561535356The influence of gut microbiota on the gut-brain-kidney axis and its implications for chronic kidney diseaseJue Zhu0Yutong Fu1Yutong Fu2Chinasa Valerie Olovo3Chinasa Valerie Olovo4Jianguo Xu5Qian Wu6Wei Wei7Ke Jiang8Ke Jiang9Xueming Zheng10Xueming Zheng11Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Liyang, Liyang, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, ChinaDanyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Danyang, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NigeriaDepartment of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Liyang, Liyang, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Liyang, Liyang, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Liyang, Liyang, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Liyang, Liyang, ChinaDepartment of Urology, People’s Hospital of Liyang, Liyang, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, ChinaInstitute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, ChinaThe gut-brain-kidney axis represents a dynamic interplay among the gut microbiota, renal function, and neurological processes, emerging as a critical factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathophysiology. This paper reviews recent data on the mechanisms and pathways that integrate gut-brain-kidney signaling and communication, advances in our understanding of this axis, and potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and interventions for CKD. Literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase using a combination of the keywords gut microbiota, gut microbiome, gut-brain axis, gut-kidney axis, gut-brain-kidney axis, chronic kidney disease, dysbiosis, therapy, metabolites, and neuroinflammation.” Relevant studies were selected and synthesized in this narrative review. Gut dysbiosis, characterized by microbial composition and function alterations, contributes to systemic inflammation and metabolic imbalances, exacerbating CKD progression. Uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, derived from microbial metabolism, impair kidney function and disrupt neurocognitive health via oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, highlighting the interconnectedness of these systems. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics have elucidated mechanisms linking gut microbiota and associated metabolites to kidney and brain health, revealing the role of microbial diversity and metabolite profiles in disease outcomes. Studies demonstrate that probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota can modulate systemic inflammation and reduce uremic toxin levels, offering therapeutic potential. Understanding the bidirectional signaling within the gut-brain-kidney axis opens avenues for novel biomarkers and interventions in CKD management.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1535356/fullchronic kidney diseasegut-brain-kidney axisgut microbiotametabolitestherapy |
| spellingShingle | Jue Zhu Yutong Fu Yutong Fu Chinasa Valerie Olovo Chinasa Valerie Olovo Jianguo Xu Qian Wu Wei Wei Ke Jiang Ke Jiang Xueming Zheng Xueming Zheng The influence of gut microbiota on the gut-brain-kidney axis and its implications for chronic kidney disease Frontiers in Microbiology chronic kidney disease gut-brain-kidney axis gut microbiota metabolites therapy |
| title | The influence of gut microbiota on the gut-brain-kidney axis and its implications for chronic kidney disease |
| title_full | The influence of gut microbiota on the gut-brain-kidney axis and its implications for chronic kidney disease |
| title_fullStr | The influence of gut microbiota on the gut-brain-kidney axis and its implications for chronic kidney disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The influence of gut microbiota on the gut-brain-kidney axis and its implications for chronic kidney disease |
| title_short | The influence of gut microbiota on the gut-brain-kidney axis and its implications for chronic kidney disease |
| title_sort | influence of gut microbiota on the gut brain kidney axis and its implications for chronic kidney disease |
| topic | chronic kidney disease gut-brain-kidney axis gut microbiota metabolites therapy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1535356/full |
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