The Massive and Quiescent Elliptical Host Galaxy of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240209A
The discovery and localization of FRB 20240209A by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Fast Radio Burst (CHIME/FRB) experiment marks the first repeating FRB localized with the CHIME/FRB Outriggers and adds to the small sample of repeating FRBs with associated host galaxies. Here we present Keck...
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2025-01-01
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| author | T. Eftekhari Y. Dong W. Fong V. Shah S. Simha B. C. Andersen S. Andrew M. Bhardwaj T. Cassanelli S. Chatterjee D. A. Coulter E. Fonseca B. M. Gaensler A. C. Gordon J. W. T. Hessels A. L. Ibik R. C. Joseph L. A. Kahinga V. Kaspi B. Kharel C. D. Kilpatrick A. E. Lanman M. Lazda C. Leung C. Liu L. Mas-Ribas K. W. Masui R. Mckinven J. Mena-Parra A. A. Miller K. Nimmo A. Pandhi S. S. Patil A. B. Pearlman Z. Pleunis J. X. Prochaska M. Rafiei-Ravandi M. Sammons P. Scholz K. Shin K. Smith I. Stairs |
| author_facet | T. Eftekhari Y. Dong W. Fong V. Shah S. Simha B. C. Andersen S. Andrew M. Bhardwaj T. Cassanelli S. Chatterjee D. A. Coulter E. Fonseca B. M. Gaensler A. C. Gordon J. W. T. Hessels A. L. Ibik R. C. Joseph L. A. Kahinga V. Kaspi B. Kharel C. D. Kilpatrick A. E. Lanman M. Lazda C. Leung C. Liu L. Mas-Ribas K. W. Masui R. Mckinven J. Mena-Parra A. A. Miller K. Nimmo A. Pandhi S. S. Patil A. B. Pearlman Z. Pleunis J. X. Prochaska M. Rafiei-Ravandi M. Sammons P. Scholz K. Shin K. Smith I. Stairs |
| author_sort | T. Eftekhari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The discovery and localization of FRB 20240209A by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Fast Radio Burst (CHIME/FRB) experiment marks the first repeating FRB localized with the CHIME/FRB Outriggers and adds to the small sample of repeating FRBs with associated host galaxies. Here we present Keck and Gemini observations of the host that reveal a redshift z = 0.1384 ± 0.0004. We perform stellar population modeling to jointly fit the optical through mid-IR data of the host and infer a median stellar mass log( M _* / M _⊙ ) = 11.35 ± 0.01 and a mass-weighted stellar population age ~11 Gyr, corresponding to the most massive and oldest FRB host discovered to date. Coupled with a star formation rate <0.31 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , the specific star formation rate <10 ^−11.9 yr ^−1 classifies the host as quiescent. Through surface brightness profile modeling, we determine an elliptical galaxy morphology, marking the host as the first confirmed elliptical FRB host. The discovery of a quiescent early-type host galaxy within a transient class predominantly characterized by late-type star-forming hosts is reminiscent of short-duration gamma-ray bursts, Type Ia supernovae, and ultraluminous X-ray sources. Based on these shared host demographics, coupled with a large offset as demonstrated in our companion Letter, we conclude that preferred sources for FRB 20240209A include magnetars formed through merging binary neutron stars/white dwarfs or the accretion-induced collapse of a white dwarf, or a luminous X-ray binary. Together with FRB 20200120E localized to a globular cluster in M81, our findings provide strong evidence that some fraction of FRBs may arise from a process distinct from the core collapse of massive stars. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4d1ddd90dd534ff59961eea83e28e11b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-4d1ddd90dd534ff59961eea83e28e11b2025-08-20T03:17:18ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019792L2210.3847/2041-8213/ad9de2The Massive and Quiescent Elliptical Host Galaxy of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240209AT. Eftekhari0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-9984Y. Dong1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9363-8606W. Fong2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-935XV. Shah3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4823-1946S. Simha4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-1496B. C. Andersen5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-3152S. Andrew6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3980-815XM. Bhardwaj7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3615-3514T. Cassanelli8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2047-5276S. Chatterjee9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2878-1502D. A. Coulter10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-2228E. Fonseca11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-5049B. M. Gaensler12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3382-9558A. C. Gordon13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-4645J. W. T. Hessels14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-1446A. L. Ibik15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2405-2967R. C. Joseph16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3457-4670L. A. Kahinga17https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5296-4046V. Kaspi18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-0307B. Kharel19https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6166-1095C. D. Kilpatrick20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5740-7747A. E. Lanman21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2116-3573M. Lazda22https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-4264C. Leung23https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4209-7408C. Liu24https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7866-4531L. Mas-Ribas25https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4584-8841K. W. Masui26https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-6946R. Mckinven27https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-6900J. Mena-Parra28https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-9326A. A. Miller29https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-478XK. Nimmo30https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-0740A. Pandhi31https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8897-1973S. S. Patil32https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7264-1778A. B. Pearlman33https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8912-0732Z. Pleunis34https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-697XJ. X. Prochaska35https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7738-6875M. Rafiei-Ravandi36https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7694-6650M. Sammons37https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4623-5329P. Scholz38https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-7119K. Shin39https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6823-2073K. Smith40https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2088-3125I. Stairs41https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-8670Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astronomy (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USACenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astronomy (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USACenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astronomy (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USADepartment of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, CanadaCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astronomy (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , William Eckhart Research Center, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USADepartment of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, CanadaMIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAMcWilliams Center for Cosmology & Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile , Avenue Tupper 2007, Santiago 8370451, ChileCornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , PO Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics , University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 50 St. George Street, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 50 St. George Street, University of Toronto , ON M5S 3H4, CanadaCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astronomy (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USADepartment of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy , Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The NetherlandsDavid A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 50 St. George Street, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 50 St. George Street, University of Toronto , ON M5S 3H4, CanadaDepartment of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, CanadaDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics , University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USADepartment of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , PO Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USACenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astronomy (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USAMIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USADavid A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 50 St. George Street, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 50 St. George Street, University of Toronto , ON M5S 3H4, CanadaDepartment of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USACenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astronomy (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics , University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAMIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, CanadaDavid A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 50 St. George Street, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 50 St. George Street, University of Toronto , ON M5S 3H4, CanadaCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astronomy (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USAMIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USADavid A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 50 St. George Street, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 50 St. George Street, University of Toronto , ON M5S 3H4, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , PO Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USADepartment of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, CanadaAnton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy , Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The NetherlandsDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics , University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU) , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8583, Japan; Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanDepartment of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, CanadaDepartment of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, CanadaDunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 50 St. George Street, University of Toronto , ON M5S 3H4, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University , 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON MJ3 1P3, CanadaMIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAPerimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics , 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, CanadaThe discovery and localization of FRB 20240209A by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Fast Radio Burst (CHIME/FRB) experiment marks the first repeating FRB localized with the CHIME/FRB Outriggers and adds to the small sample of repeating FRBs with associated host galaxies. Here we present Keck and Gemini observations of the host that reveal a redshift z = 0.1384 ± 0.0004. We perform stellar population modeling to jointly fit the optical through mid-IR data of the host and infer a median stellar mass log( M _* / M _⊙ ) = 11.35 ± 0.01 and a mass-weighted stellar population age ~11 Gyr, corresponding to the most massive and oldest FRB host discovered to date. Coupled with a star formation rate <0.31 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , the specific star formation rate <10 ^−11.9 yr ^−1 classifies the host as quiescent. Through surface brightness profile modeling, we determine an elliptical galaxy morphology, marking the host as the first confirmed elliptical FRB host. The discovery of a quiescent early-type host galaxy within a transient class predominantly characterized by late-type star-forming hosts is reminiscent of short-duration gamma-ray bursts, Type Ia supernovae, and ultraluminous X-ray sources. Based on these shared host demographics, coupled with a large offset as demonstrated in our companion Letter, we conclude that preferred sources for FRB 20240209A include magnetars formed through merging binary neutron stars/white dwarfs or the accretion-induced collapse of a white dwarf, or a luminous X-ray binary. Together with FRB 20200120E localized to a globular cluster in M81, our findings provide strong evidence that some fraction of FRBs may arise from a process distinct from the core collapse of massive stars.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad9de2Radio transient sourcesTransient sourcesElliptical galaxies |
| spellingShingle | T. Eftekhari Y. Dong W. Fong V. Shah S. Simha B. C. Andersen S. Andrew M. Bhardwaj T. Cassanelli S. Chatterjee D. A. Coulter E. Fonseca B. M. Gaensler A. C. Gordon J. W. T. Hessels A. L. Ibik R. C. Joseph L. A. Kahinga V. Kaspi B. Kharel C. D. Kilpatrick A. E. Lanman M. Lazda C. Leung C. Liu L. Mas-Ribas K. W. Masui R. Mckinven J. Mena-Parra A. A. Miller K. Nimmo A. Pandhi S. S. Patil A. B. Pearlman Z. Pleunis J. X. Prochaska M. Rafiei-Ravandi M. Sammons P. Scholz K. Shin K. Smith I. Stairs The Massive and Quiescent Elliptical Host Galaxy of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240209A The Astrophysical Journal Letters Radio transient sources Transient sources Elliptical galaxies |
| title | The Massive and Quiescent Elliptical Host Galaxy of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240209A |
| title_full | The Massive and Quiescent Elliptical Host Galaxy of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240209A |
| title_fullStr | The Massive and Quiescent Elliptical Host Galaxy of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240209A |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Massive and Quiescent Elliptical Host Galaxy of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240209A |
| title_short | The Massive and Quiescent Elliptical Host Galaxy of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240209A |
| title_sort | massive and quiescent elliptical host galaxy of the repeating fast radio burst frb 20240209a |
| topic | Radio transient sources Transient sources Elliptical galaxies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad9de2 |
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