Graphene-based materials for photocatalytic and environmental sensing applications

Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) have emerged as promising materials, finding extensive applications in environmental fields such as catalysis, sensors, green fuels, and energy storage. GQDs, a minute segment of graphene smaller than 20 nm in dimension, exhibit electron mobility confinement in all 3D be...

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Main Authors: Sujatha Sadana, Natarajan Rajamohan, Rajasimman Manivasagan, Nitin Raut, Santhosh Paramasivam, Gianluca Gatto, Amit Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025017967
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author Sujatha Sadana
Natarajan Rajamohan
Rajasimman Manivasagan
Nitin Raut
Santhosh Paramasivam
Gianluca Gatto
Amit Kumar
author_facet Sujatha Sadana
Natarajan Rajamohan
Rajasimman Manivasagan
Nitin Raut
Santhosh Paramasivam
Gianluca Gatto
Amit Kumar
author_sort Sujatha Sadana
collection DOAJ
description Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) have emerged as promising materials, finding extensive applications in environmental fields such as catalysis, sensors, green fuels, and energy storage. GQDs, a minute segment of graphene smaller than 20 nm in dimension, exhibit electron mobility confinement in all 3D because of their incredible chemical, special structure, electrical, intrinsic, and optical properties. Methods of synthesizing GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, with a particular emphasis on green synthesis, are discussed. In addition, the review discusses diverse modification strategies aimed at improving the photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, chemical Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) have emerged as promising materials, finding extensive applications in environmental fields such as catalysis, sensors, green fuels, and energy storage. GQDs, a minute segment of graphene smaller than 20 nm in dimension, exhibit electron mobility confinement in all 3D because of their incredible chemical, special structure, electrical, intrinsic, and optical properties. Methods of synthesizing GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, with a particular emphasis on green synthesis, are discussed. In addition, the review discusses diverse modification strategies aimed at improving the photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, chemical and thermal stability, biocompatibility, catalytic performance, and sensing capabilities of graphene quantum dots, thereby enabling their application in bioimaging, sensors, and specific electronic devices. In addition, the review explores the wide-ranging applications of graphene quantum dots, including their roles in sensors, biomedical imaging, drug delivery systems, solar energy conversion, supercapacitors, and battery technologies. The novelty of this review lies in outlining the core principles of photocatalysis with a focus on its applications in environmental remediation, hydrogen evolution and CO₂ conversion. Even though future investigation of GQDs is immense, it is still facing some difficulties in developing as an environmentally friendly process and hence, some significant innovations are required to overcome these difficulties and thermal stability, biocompatibility, catalytic performance, and sensing capabilities of graphene quantum dots, thereby enabling their application in bioimaging, sensors, and specific electronic devices. In addition, the review explores the wide-ranging applications of graphene quantum dots, including their roles in sensors, biomedical imaging, drug delivery systems, solar energy conversion, supercapacitors, and battery technologies. The novelty of this review lies in outlining the core principles of photocatalysis with a focus on its applications in environmental remediation, hydrogen evolution and CO₂ conversion. Even though future investigation of GQDs is immense, it is still facing some difficulties in developing as an environmentally friendly process and hence, some significant innovations are required to overcome these difficulties.
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spelling doaj-art-4d0ed9015ce14a66a3488cea36645d332025-08-20T03:22:58ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710572510.1016/j.rineng.2025.105725Graphene-based materials for photocatalytic and environmental sensing applicationsSujatha Sadana0Natarajan Rajamohan1Rajasimman Manivasagan2Nitin Raut3Santhosh Paramasivam4Gianluca Gatto5Amit Kumar6Department of Chemical Engineering, St.Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai, IndiaChemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar PC-311, Oman; Corresponding authors.Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, IndiaChemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar PC-311, OmanDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy; Corresponding authors.Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, ItalyGraphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) have emerged as promising materials, finding extensive applications in environmental fields such as catalysis, sensors, green fuels, and energy storage. GQDs, a minute segment of graphene smaller than 20 nm in dimension, exhibit electron mobility confinement in all 3D because of their incredible chemical, special structure, electrical, intrinsic, and optical properties. Methods of synthesizing GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, with a particular emphasis on green synthesis, are discussed. In addition, the review discusses diverse modification strategies aimed at improving the photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, chemical Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) have emerged as promising materials, finding extensive applications in environmental fields such as catalysis, sensors, green fuels, and energy storage. GQDs, a minute segment of graphene smaller than 20 nm in dimension, exhibit electron mobility confinement in all 3D because of their incredible chemical, special structure, electrical, intrinsic, and optical properties. Methods of synthesizing GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, with a particular emphasis on green synthesis, are discussed. In addition, the review discusses diverse modification strategies aimed at improving the photoluminescence, electrical conductivity, chemical and thermal stability, biocompatibility, catalytic performance, and sensing capabilities of graphene quantum dots, thereby enabling their application in bioimaging, sensors, and specific electronic devices. In addition, the review explores the wide-ranging applications of graphene quantum dots, including their roles in sensors, biomedical imaging, drug delivery systems, solar energy conversion, supercapacitors, and battery technologies. The novelty of this review lies in outlining the core principles of photocatalysis with a focus on its applications in environmental remediation, hydrogen evolution and CO₂ conversion. Even though future investigation of GQDs is immense, it is still facing some difficulties in developing as an environmentally friendly process and hence, some significant innovations are required to overcome these difficulties and thermal stability, biocompatibility, catalytic performance, and sensing capabilities of graphene quantum dots, thereby enabling their application in bioimaging, sensors, and specific electronic devices. In addition, the review explores the wide-ranging applications of graphene quantum dots, including their roles in sensors, biomedical imaging, drug delivery systems, solar energy conversion, supercapacitors, and battery technologies. The novelty of this review lies in outlining the core principles of photocatalysis with a focus on its applications in environmental remediation, hydrogen evolution and CO₂ conversion. Even though future investigation of GQDs is immense, it is still facing some difficulties in developing as an environmentally friendly process and hence, some significant innovations are required to overcome these difficulties.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025017967Green synthesisNano-biosensorsPhotocatalysisRenewable energy conversionSustainable energy storage
spellingShingle Sujatha Sadana
Natarajan Rajamohan
Rajasimman Manivasagan
Nitin Raut
Santhosh Paramasivam
Gianluca Gatto
Amit Kumar
Graphene-based materials for photocatalytic and environmental sensing applications
Results in Engineering
Green synthesis
Nano-biosensors
Photocatalysis
Renewable energy conversion
Sustainable energy storage
title Graphene-based materials for photocatalytic and environmental sensing applications
title_full Graphene-based materials for photocatalytic and environmental sensing applications
title_fullStr Graphene-based materials for photocatalytic and environmental sensing applications
title_full_unstemmed Graphene-based materials for photocatalytic and environmental sensing applications
title_short Graphene-based materials for photocatalytic and environmental sensing applications
title_sort graphene based materials for photocatalytic and environmental sensing applications
topic Green synthesis
Nano-biosensors
Photocatalysis
Renewable energy conversion
Sustainable energy storage
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025017967
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