Quantifying direct associations between variables

Correctly quantifying the direct association between variables based on observed data is a valuable topic to study. On the one hand, many traditional methods can only measure the linear direct association. On the other hand, certain existing measures of direct association between two variables suffe...

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Main Authors: Minyuan Zhao, Yun Chen, Qin Liu, Shengjun Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. 2025-07-01
Series:Fundamental Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667325823002212
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author Minyuan Zhao
Yun Chen
Qin Liu
Shengjun Wu
author_facet Minyuan Zhao
Yun Chen
Qin Liu
Shengjun Wu
author_sort Minyuan Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Correctly quantifying the direct association between variables based on observed data is a valuable topic to study. On the one hand, many traditional methods can only measure the linear direct association. On the other hand, certain existing measures of direct association between two variables suffer an instability problem when a parent variable has a strong influence on both variables. To solve these issues, we propose a measure, namely the independent conditional mutual information (ICMI), to quantify the direct association between two variables in a three-variable network. Additionally, we use simulation data to numerically compare the stability and reliability of the ICMI with those of other measures of direct association under different conditions. The numerical results show that ICMI performs more stably in many cases than the known measures such as unique information, conditional mutual information, and partial correlation. The statistical power results show that ICMI is more reliable for different forms of function. We further use our measure to analyze a network consisting of family finance, social security, and the residence of senior citizens.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2667-3258
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
record_format Article
series Fundamental Research
spelling doaj-art-4d0a9e5656fa439c8c4e8331f987c1c62025-08-20T03:58:45ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.Fundamental Research2667-32582025-07-01541538154610.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.012Quantifying direct associations between variablesMinyuan Zhao0Yun Chen1Qin Liu2Shengjun Wu3Institute for Brain Sciences and Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, ChinaSchool of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, ChinaCorresponding author.; Institute for Brain Sciences and Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, ChinaCorrectly quantifying the direct association between variables based on observed data is a valuable topic to study. On the one hand, many traditional methods can only measure the linear direct association. On the other hand, certain existing measures of direct association between two variables suffer an instability problem when a parent variable has a strong influence on both variables. To solve these issues, we propose a measure, namely the independent conditional mutual information (ICMI), to quantify the direct association between two variables in a three-variable network. Additionally, we use simulation data to numerically compare the stability and reliability of the ICMI with those of other measures of direct association under different conditions. The numerical results show that ICMI performs more stably in many cases than the known measures such as unique information, conditional mutual information, and partial correlation. The statistical power results show that ICMI is more reliable for different forms of function. We further use our measure to analyze a network consisting of family finance, social security, and the residence of senior citizens.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667325823002212Direct associationConditional mutual informationIndependent conditional mutual informationChain graphDirected acyclic graph
spellingShingle Minyuan Zhao
Yun Chen
Qin Liu
Shengjun Wu
Quantifying direct associations between variables
Fundamental Research
Direct association
Conditional mutual information
Independent conditional mutual information
Chain graph
Directed acyclic graph
title Quantifying direct associations between variables
title_full Quantifying direct associations between variables
title_fullStr Quantifying direct associations between variables
title_full_unstemmed Quantifying direct associations between variables
title_short Quantifying direct associations between variables
title_sort quantifying direct associations between variables
topic Direct association
Conditional mutual information
Independent conditional mutual information
Chain graph
Directed acyclic graph
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667325823002212
work_keys_str_mv AT minyuanzhao quantifyingdirectassociationsbetweenvariables
AT yunchen quantifyingdirectassociationsbetweenvariables
AT qinliu quantifyingdirectassociationsbetweenvariables
AT shengjunwu quantifyingdirectassociationsbetweenvariables