Carbon Aerogels: Synthesis, Modification, and Multifunctional Applications
Amidst global imperatives for sustainable energy and environmental remediation, carbon aerogels (CAs) present a transformative alternative to conventional carbon materials (e.g., activated carbon, carbon fibers), overcoming limitations of disordered pore structures, unmodifiable surface chemistry, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/7/548 |
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| author | Liying Li Guiyu Jin Jian Shen Mengyan Guo Jiacheng Song Yiming Li Jian Xiong |
| author_facet | Liying Li Guiyu Jin Jian Shen Mengyan Guo Jiacheng Song Yiming Li Jian Xiong |
| author_sort | Liying Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Amidst global imperatives for sustainable energy and environmental remediation, carbon aerogels (CAs) present a transformative alternative to conventional carbon materials (e.g., activated carbon, carbon fibers), overcoming limitations of disordered pore structures, unmodifiable surface chemistry, and functional inflexibility. This review systematically examines CA-based electrochemical systems as its primary focus, analyzing fundamental charge-storage mechanisms and establishing structure–property–application relationships critical to energy storage performance. We critically assess synthesis methodologies, emphasizing how stage-specific parameters govern structural/functional traits, and detail multifunctional modification strategies (e.g., heteroatom doping, composite engineering) that enhance electrochemical behavior through pore architecture optimization, surface chemistry tuning, and charge-transfer kinetics acceleration. Electrochemical applications are extensively explored, including the following: 1. Energy storage: supercapacitors (dual EDLC/pseudocapacitive mechanisms) and battery hybrids. 2. Electrocatalysis: HER, OER, ORR, and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR). 3. Electrochemical processing: capacitive deionization (CDI) and electrosorption. Beyond this core scope, we briefly acknowledge CA versatility in ancillary domains: environmental remediation (heavy metal removal, oil/water separation), flame retardancy, microwave absorption, and CO<sub>2</sub> capture. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4d0a9afe58da4cd392b0d65ac92c6e38 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj-art-4d0a9afe58da4cd392b0d65ac92c6e382025-08-20T03:58:30ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-07-0111754810.3390/gels11070548Carbon Aerogels: Synthesis, Modification, and Multifunctional ApplicationsLiying Li0Guiyu Jin1Jian Shen2Mengyan Guo3Jiacheng Song4Yiming Li5Jian Xiong6School of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, ChinaCollege of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000, ChinaAmidst global imperatives for sustainable energy and environmental remediation, carbon aerogels (CAs) present a transformative alternative to conventional carbon materials (e.g., activated carbon, carbon fibers), overcoming limitations of disordered pore structures, unmodifiable surface chemistry, and functional inflexibility. This review systematically examines CA-based electrochemical systems as its primary focus, analyzing fundamental charge-storage mechanisms and establishing structure–property–application relationships critical to energy storage performance. We critically assess synthesis methodologies, emphasizing how stage-specific parameters govern structural/functional traits, and detail multifunctional modification strategies (e.g., heteroatom doping, composite engineering) that enhance electrochemical behavior through pore architecture optimization, surface chemistry tuning, and charge-transfer kinetics acceleration. Electrochemical applications are extensively explored, including the following: 1. Energy storage: supercapacitors (dual EDLC/pseudocapacitive mechanisms) and battery hybrids. 2. Electrocatalysis: HER, OER, ORR, and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR). 3. Electrochemical processing: capacitive deionization (CDI) and electrosorption. Beyond this core scope, we briefly acknowledge CA versatility in ancillary domains: environmental remediation (heavy metal removal, oil/water separation), flame retardancy, microwave absorption, and CO<sub>2</sub> capture.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/7/548carbon aerogelselectrochemistrywater treatment and adsorption |
| spellingShingle | Liying Li Guiyu Jin Jian Shen Mengyan Guo Jiacheng Song Yiming Li Jian Xiong Carbon Aerogels: Synthesis, Modification, and Multifunctional Applications Gels carbon aerogels electrochemistry water treatment and adsorption |
| title | Carbon Aerogels: Synthesis, Modification, and Multifunctional Applications |
| title_full | Carbon Aerogels: Synthesis, Modification, and Multifunctional Applications |
| title_fullStr | Carbon Aerogels: Synthesis, Modification, and Multifunctional Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon Aerogels: Synthesis, Modification, and Multifunctional Applications |
| title_short | Carbon Aerogels: Synthesis, Modification, and Multifunctional Applications |
| title_sort | carbon aerogels synthesis modification and multifunctional applications |
| topic | carbon aerogels electrochemistry water treatment and adsorption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/7/548 |
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