Brodifacoum causes coagulopathy, hemorrhages, and mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant hepatic residue concentrations
Widely used second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides like brodifacoum are classified as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. Widespread exposure of terrestrial and avian non-target species is well-known and recently hepatic anticoagulant rodenticide residues have been detected in wild fish. H...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324017056 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832590951708622848 |
|---|---|
| author | Hannah Schmieg Hermann Ferling Karina Annika Bucher Stefanie Jacob Julia Regnery Hannah Schrader Julia Schwaiger Anton Friesen |
| author_facet | Hannah Schmieg Hermann Ferling Karina Annika Bucher Stefanie Jacob Julia Regnery Hannah Schrader Julia Schwaiger Anton Friesen |
| author_sort | Hannah Schmieg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Widely used second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides like brodifacoum are classified as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. Widespread exposure of terrestrial and avian non-target species is well-known and recently hepatic anticoagulant rodenticide residues have been detected in wild fish. However, no sufficient data exist to interpret the effects of these findings on fish health. In order to assess the potential impact of rodenticide residues on fish, we exposed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to brodifacoum-spiked feed. In a first experiment, individually kept trout (body weight ca. 200 g) were exposed to a single dose of brodifacoum and observed for 15 days. In a second experiment, fish (body weight ca. 330 g) were kept in groups and fed every 7 or 8 days with brodifacoum-spiked feed for up to 60 days. Sampling of trout every 15 days over the 60 days period allowed monitoring of brodifacoum concentrations in serum, liver, and muscle tissue, as well as occurring effects over the course of the experiment. In both experiments, brodifacoum doses of ≥ 75 µg/kg body weight caused prolonged or non-measurable blood coagulation times. Disturbed hemostasis led to hemorrhages and anemia with significantly decreased albumin levels. In the 60 days-experiment, brodifacoum doses ≥ 100 µg/kg body weight caused additionally discoloration, apathy, and anorexia, resulting in reduced weight gain, and ultimately mortality. The delay until the onset of overt symptoms (14–17 days) highlights the importance of test duration while investigating effects of anticoagulant rodenticides in fish. The lowest hepatic brodifacoum concentration associated with effects in trout was on average 122.6 ng/g liver wet weight, which is in the range of previously reported brodifacoum residues in wild fish. These findings illustrate the risks associated with the use of anticoagulant rodenticides for freshwater fish and reinforce the need to stipulate all available and appropriate risk mitigation measures to prevent emissions at source. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4d06216382b94ac7ba78fd40ca0197a5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-4d06216382b94ac7ba78fd40ca0197a52025-01-23T05:25:54ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-01-01289117629Brodifacoum causes coagulopathy, hemorrhages, and mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant hepatic residue concentrationsHannah Schmieg0Hermann Ferling1Karina Annika Bucher2Stefanie Jacob3Julia Regnery4Hannah Schrader5Julia Schwaiger6Anton Friesen7Unit 73 Aquatic Toxicology, Operational Management Wielenbach, Bavarian Environment Agency, Demollstr. 31, Wielenbach 82407, GermanyUnit 73 Aquatic Toxicology, Operational Management Wielenbach, Bavarian Environment Agency, Demollstr. 31, Wielenbach 82407, GermanyUnit 73 Aquatic Toxicology, Operational Management Wielenbach, Bavarian Environment Agency, Demollstr. 31, Wielenbach 82407, GermanySection IV 1.2 Biocides, German Environment Agency, Dessau-Roßlau 06813, GermanyDepartment of Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz 56068, GermanyUnit 73 Aquatic Toxicology, Operational Management Wielenbach, Bavarian Environment Agency, Demollstr. 31, Wielenbach 82407, Germany; Corresponding author.Unit 73 Aquatic Toxicology, Operational Management Wielenbach, Bavarian Environment Agency, Demollstr. 31, Wielenbach 82407, GermanySection IV 1.2 Biocides, German Environment Agency, Dessau-Roßlau 06813, GermanyWidely used second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides like brodifacoum are classified as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. Widespread exposure of terrestrial and avian non-target species is well-known and recently hepatic anticoagulant rodenticide residues have been detected in wild fish. However, no sufficient data exist to interpret the effects of these findings on fish health. In order to assess the potential impact of rodenticide residues on fish, we exposed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to brodifacoum-spiked feed. In a first experiment, individually kept trout (body weight ca. 200 g) were exposed to a single dose of brodifacoum and observed for 15 days. In a second experiment, fish (body weight ca. 330 g) were kept in groups and fed every 7 or 8 days with brodifacoum-spiked feed for up to 60 days. Sampling of trout every 15 days over the 60 days period allowed monitoring of brodifacoum concentrations in serum, liver, and muscle tissue, as well as occurring effects over the course of the experiment. In both experiments, brodifacoum doses of ≥ 75 µg/kg body weight caused prolonged or non-measurable blood coagulation times. Disturbed hemostasis led to hemorrhages and anemia with significantly decreased albumin levels. In the 60 days-experiment, brodifacoum doses ≥ 100 µg/kg body weight caused additionally discoloration, apathy, and anorexia, resulting in reduced weight gain, and ultimately mortality. The delay until the onset of overt symptoms (14–17 days) highlights the importance of test duration while investigating effects of anticoagulant rodenticides in fish. The lowest hepatic brodifacoum concentration associated with effects in trout was on average 122.6 ng/g liver wet weight, which is in the range of previously reported brodifacoum residues in wild fish. These findings illustrate the risks associated with the use of anticoagulant rodenticides for freshwater fish and reinforce the need to stipulate all available and appropriate risk mitigation measures to prevent emissions at source.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324017056Anticoagulant rodenticideBioaccumulationCoagulationVitamin KFishAnemia |
| spellingShingle | Hannah Schmieg Hermann Ferling Karina Annika Bucher Stefanie Jacob Julia Regnery Hannah Schrader Julia Schwaiger Anton Friesen Brodifacoum causes coagulopathy, hemorrhages, and mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant hepatic residue concentrations Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Anticoagulant rodenticide Bioaccumulation Coagulation Vitamin K Fish Anemia |
| title | Brodifacoum causes coagulopathy, hemorrhages, and mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant hepatic residue concentrations |
| title_full | Brodifacoum causes coagulopathy, hemorrhages, and mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant hepatic residue concentrations |
| title_fullStr | Brodifacoum causes coagulopathy, hemorrhages, and mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant hepatic residue concentrations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brodifacoum causes coagulopathy, hemorrhages, and mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant hepatic residue concentrations |
| title_short | Brodifacoum causes coagulopathy, hemorrhages, and mortality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at environmentally relevant hepatic residue concentrations |
| title_sort | brodifacoum causes coagulopathy hemorrhages and mortality in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss at environmentally relevant hepatic residue concentrations |
| topic | Anticoagulant rodenticide Bioaccumulation Coagulation Vitamin K Fish Anemia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324017056 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hannahschmieg brodifacoumcausescoagulopathyhemorrhagesandmortalityinrainbowtroutoncorhynchusmykissatenvironmentallyrelevanthepaticresidueconcentrations AT hermannferling brodifacoumcausescoagulopathyhemorrhagesandmortalityinrainbowtroutoncorhynchusmykissatenvironmentallyrelevanthepaticresidueconcentrations AT karinaannikabucher brodifacoumcausescoagulopathyhemorrhagesandmortalityinrainbowtroutoncorhynchusmykissatenvironmentallyrelevanthepaticresidueconcentrations AT stefaniejacob brodifacoumcausescoagulopathyhemorrhagesandmortalityinrainbowtroutoncorhynchusmykissatenvironmentallyrelevanthepaticresidueconcentrations AT juliaregnery brodifacoumcausescoagulopathyhemorrhagesandmortalityinrainbowtroutoncorhynchusmykissatenvironmentallyrelevanthepaticresidueconcentrations AT hannahschrader brodifacoumcausescoagulopathyhemorrhagesandmortalityinrainbowtroutoncorhynchusmykissatenvironmentallyrelevanthepaticresidueconcentrations AT juliaschwaiger brodifacoumcausescoagulopathyhemorrhagesandmortalityinrainbowtroutoncorhynchusmykissatenvironmentallyrelevanthepaticresidueconcentrations AT antonfriesen brodifacoumcausescoagulopathyhemorrhagesandmortalityinrainbowtroutoncorhynchusmykissatenvironmentallyrelevanthepaticresidueconcentrations |