Association of plasma aldosterone concentration with peripheral artery disease in hypertensive patients: insights from a large cross-sectional analysis

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in hypertensive patients and to determine any potential threshold effects.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from 13,157 hypertensive individual...

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Main Authors: Yingying Zhang, Xintian Cai, Shuaiwei Song, Junli Hu, Pan Zhou, Kangxin Cai, Rui Ma, Huimin Ma, Di Shen, Wenbo Yang, Delian Zhang, Qin Luo, Jing Hong, Nanfang Li
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1549878/full
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author Yingying Zhang
Yingying Zhang
Yingying Zhang
Xintian Cai
Xintian Cai
Xintian Cai
Shuaiwei Song
Shuaiwei Song
Shuaiwei Song
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Pan Zhou
Pan Zhou
Pan Zhou
Kangxin Cai
Kangxin Cai
Kangxin Cai
Rui Ma
Rui Ma
Rui Ma
Huimin Ma
Huimin Ma
Huimin Ma
Di Shen
Di Shen
Di Shen
Wenbo Yang
Wenbo Yang
Wenbo Yang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
author_facet Yingying Zhang
Yingying Zhang
Yingying Zhang
Xintian Cai
Xintian Cai
Xintian Cai
Shuaiwei Song
Shuaiwei Song
Shuaiwei Song
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Pan Zhou
Pan Zhou
Pan Zhou
Kangxin Cai
Kangxin Cai
Kangxin Cai
Rui Ma
Rui Ma
Rui Ma
Huimin Ma
Huimin Ma
Huimin Ma
Di Shen
Di Shen
Di Shen
Wenbo Yang
Wenbo Yang
Wenbo Yang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
author_sort Yingying Zhang
collection DOAJ
description ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in hypertensive patients and to determine any potential threshold effects.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from 13,157 hypertensive individuals from the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. PAD was diagnosed based on an ankle-brachial index (ABI) of ≤0.90. A multivariate logistic regression model was utilized to evaluate the association between PAC and PAD, and a generalized additive model (GAM) was employed to explore non-linear relationships.ResultsThe fully adjusted logistic regression model revealed a significant positive association between PAC and PAD, with an odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) per unit increase in PAC. The GAM identified a critical threshold at 17.00 ng/dl for PAC, above which the prevalence of PAD increased by 9% for each unit increase in PAC, with an OR (95% CI) of 1.09 (1.06, 1.11). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.ConclusionThis study establishes a non-linear relationship between PAC and the prevalence of PAD in hypertensive patients, with a critical threshold at 17.00 ng/dl. These findings underscore the importance of aldosterone homeostasis in vascular health and the need for further large-scale, prospective studies to validate these results and explore their clinical implications.
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spelling doaj-art-4d03884acff54073b1c0df20e29dce2d2025-08-20T03:40:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2025-03-011210.3389/fcvm.2025.15498781549878Association of plasma aldosterone concentration with peripheral artery disease in hypertensive patients: insights from a large cross-sectional analysisYingying Zhang0Yingying Zhang1Yingying Zhang2Xintian Cai3Xintian Cai4Xintian Cai5Shuaiwei Song6Shuaiwei Song7Shuaiwei Song8Junli Hu9Junli Hu10Junli Hu11Junli Hu12Junli Hu13Junli Hu14Pan Zhou15Pan Zhou16Pan Zhou17Kangxin Cai18Kangxin Cai19Kangxin Cai20Rui Ma21Rui Ma22Rui Ma23Huimin Ma24Huimin Ma25Huimin Ma26Di Shen27Di Shen28Di Shen29Wenbo Yang30Wenbo Yang31Wenbo Yang32Delian Zhang33Delian Zhang34Delian Zhang35Delian Zhang36Delian Zhang37Delian Zhang38Qin Luo39Qin Luo40Qin Luo41Qin Luo42Qin Luo43Qin Luo44Jing Hong45Jing Hong46Jing Hong47Jing Hong48Jing Hong49Jing Hong50Nanfang Li51Nanfang Li52Nanfang Li53Nanfang Li54Nanfang Li55Nanfang Li56Hypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ”Hypertension Research Laboratory”, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Research Laboratory, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ”Hypertension Research Laboratory”, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Research Laboratory, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ”Hypertension Research Laboratory”, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Research Laboratory, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ”Hypertension Research Laboratory”, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Research Laboratory, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Center of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Hypertension Institute, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ”Hypertension Research Laboratory”, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaHypertension Research Laboratory, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaXinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in hypertensive patients and to determine any potential threshold effects.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from 13,157 hypertensive individuals from the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. PAD was diagnosed based on an ankle-brachial index (ABI) of ≤0.90. A multivariate logistic regression model was utilized to evaluate the association between PAC and PAD, and a generalized additive model (GAM) was employed to explore non-linear relationships.ResultsThe fully adjusted logistic regression model revealed a significant positive association between PAC and PAD, with an odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) per unit increase in PAC. The GAM identified a critical threshold at 17.00 ng/dl for PAC, above which the prevalence of PAD increased by 9% for each unit increase in PAC, with an OR (95% CI) of 1.09 (1.06, 1.11). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.ConclusionThis study establishes a non-linear relationship between PAC and the prevalence of PAD in hypertensive patients, with a critical threshold at 17.00 ng/dl. These findings underscore the importance of aldosterone homeostasis in vascular health and the need for further large-scale, prospective studies to validate these results and explore their clinical implications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1549878/fullplasma aldosterone concentrationperipheral vascular diseaseankle-brachial indexhypertensionnon-linear relationshipcross-sectional study
spellingShingle Yingying Zhang
Yingying Zhang
Yingying Zhang
Xintian Cai
Xintian Cai
Xintian Cai
Shuaiwei Song
Shuaiwei Song
Shuaiwei Song
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Junli Hu
Pan Zhou
Pan Zhou
Pan Zhou
Kangxin Cai
Kangxin Cai
Kangxin Cai
Rui Ma
Rui Ma
Rui Ma
Huimin Ma
Huimin Ma
Huimin Ma
Di Shen
Di Shen
Di Shen
Wenbo Yang
Wenbo Yang
Wenbo Yang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Delian Zhang
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Qin Luo
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Jing Hong
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Nanfang Li
Association of plasma aldosterone concentration with peripheral artery disease in hypertensive patients: insights from a large cross-sectional analysis
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
plasma aldosterone concentration
peripheral vascular disease
ankle-brachial index
hypertension
non-linear relationship
cross-sectional study
title Association of plasma aldosterone concentration with peripheral artery disease in hypertensive patients: insights from a large cross-sectional analysis
title_full Association of plasma aldosterone concentration with peripheral artery disease in hypertensive patients: insights from a large cross-sectional analysis
title_fullStr Association of plasma aldosterone concentration with peripheral artery disease in hypertensive patients: insights from a large cross-sectional analysis
title_full_unstemmed Association of plasma aldosterone concentration with peripheral artery disease in hypertensive patients: insights from a large cross-sectional analysis
title_short Association of plasma aldosterone concentration with peripheral artery disease in hypertensive patients: insights from a large cross-sectional analysis
title_sort association of plasma aldosterone concentration with peripheral artery disease in hypertensive patients insights from a large cross sectional analysis
topic plasma aldosterone concentration
peripheral vascular disease
ankle-brachial index
hypertension
non-linear relationship
cross-sectional study
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1549878/full
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