Association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of prediabetes in Newfoundland population: a cross-sectional study
IntroductionEmerging evidence highlights the role of selenium (Se) in glucose metabolism through selenoprotein-mediated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. However, population-specific data remains inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary Se intake and pre...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1615462/full |
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| author | Shanshan Yu Hongwei Zhang Jianling Du Guang Sun |
| author_facet | Shanshan Yu Hongwei Zhang Jianling Du Guang Sun |
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| description | IntroductionEmerging evidence highlights the role of selenium (Se) in glucose metabolism through selenoprotein-mediated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. However, population-specific data remains inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary Se intake and prediabetes prevalence in Newfoundland, a population characterized by genetic homogeneity and high obesity rates (39.4%).MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from 2,665 participants in the Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics (CODING) study. Prediabetes was defined by the American Diabetes Association criteria for impaired fasting glucose (FPG: 5.6–6.9 mmol/L). Dietary Se intake was assessed using the Willett food frequency questionnaire and expressed as both absolute (μg/d) and body weight-adjusted (μg/kg/d) metrics. Multivariate logistic regression, generalized additive model regression, piecewise regression models, and subgroup stratification were employed to examine the association.ResultsThe study revealed a significant inverse relationship between body weight-adjusted dietary Se intake (μg/kg/d) and prediabetes prevalence in the fully adjusted models, with a non-linear threshold effect observed at 1.42 μg/kg/d. Below this threshold, each 1-unit increase in dietary Se intake (μg/kg/d) reduced prediabetes risk by 69% (OR = 0.31, P < 0.001). However, such an association did not reach statistical significance beyond 1.42 μg/kg/d. Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent inverse associations across age groups, family history of diabetes, and history of smoking. However, the association was statistically significant in females (OR = 0.10, p < 0.001) but not in males. Absolute dietary Se intake (μg/d) showed no significant correlation with prediabetes after adjustment.DiscussionWeight-adjusted dietary Se intake (μg/kg/d) exhibits an inverse non-linear, threshold-dependent relationship with prediabetes risk in this high-risk population. The findings underscore the critical importance of body weight normalization in assessing Se’s metabolic effects and formulating Se guidelines. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-4cf50569978f46aaba1cfe355dbb4bcd2025-08-26T04:12:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-08-011210.3389/fnut.2025.16154621615462Association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of prediabetes in Newfoundland population: a cross-sectional studyShanshan Yu0Hongwei Zhang1Jianling Du2Guang Sun3Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDiscipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CanadaDepartment of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, ChinaDiscipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CanadaIntroductionEmerging evidence highlights the role of selenium (Se) in glucose metabolism through selenoprotein-mediated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. However, population-specific data remains inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary Se intake and prediabetes prevalence in Newfoundland, a population characterized by genetic homogeneity and high obesity rates (39.4%).MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from 2,665 participants in the Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics (CODING) study. Prediabetes was defined by the American Diabetes Association criteria for impaired fasting glucose (FPG: 5.6–6.9 mmol/L). Dietary Se intake was assessed using the Willett food frequency questionnaire and expressed as both absolute (μg/d) and body weight-adjusted (μg/kg/d) metrics. Multivariate logistic regression, generalized additive model regression, piecewise regression models, and subgroup stratification were employed to examine the association.ResultsThe study revealed a significant inverse relationship between body weight-adjusted dietary Se intake (μg/kg/d) and prediabetes prevalence in the fully adjusted models, with a non-linear threshold effect observed at 1.42 μg/kg/d. Below this threshold, each 1-unit increase in dietary Se intake (μg/kg/d) reduced prediabetes risk by 69% (OR = 0.31, P < 0.001). However, such an association did not reach statistical significance beyond 1.42 μg/kg/d. Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent inverse associations across age groups, family history of diabetes, and history of smoking. However, the association was statistically significant in females (OR = 0.10, p < 0.001) but not in males. Absolute dietary Se intake (μg/d) showed no significant correlation with prediabetes after adjustment.DiscussionWeight-adjusted dietary Se intake (μg/kg/d) exhibits an inverse non-linear, threshold-dependent relationship with prediabetes risk in this high-risk population. The findings underscore the critical importance of body weight normalization in assessing Se’s metabolic effects and formulating Se guidelines.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1615462/fullseleniumprediabetesobesitythreshold effectCODING study |
| spellingShingle | Shanshan Yu Hongwei Zhang Jianling Du Guang Sun Association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of prediabetes in Newfoundland population: a cross-sectional study Frontiers in Nutrition selenium prediabetes obesity threshold effect CODING study |
| title | Association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of prediabetes in Newfoundland population: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of prediabetes in Newfoundland population: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of prediabetes in Newfoundland population: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of prediabetes in Newfoundland population: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of prediabetes in Newfoundland population: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | association between dietary selenium intake and the prevalence of prediabetes in newfoundland population a cross sectional study |
| topic | selenium prediabetes obesity threshold effect CODING study |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1615462/full |
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