Reflecting on Dunbar's numbers: Individual differences in energy allocation to personal relationships.

Past studies have investigated the variability in how people engage with their personal networks, yet less is known about how people perceive their energy allocation to different ties. Drawing on an online survey sample (N =  906), we tested whether subjective perceptions of energy allocation confor...

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Main Authors: Wenbo Li, David S Lee, Jonathan L Stahl, Joseph Bayer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319604
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author Wenbo Li
David S Lee
Jonathan L Stahl
Joseph Bayer
author_facet Wenbo Li
David S Lee
Jonathan L Stahl
Joseph Bayer
author_sort Wenbo Li
collection DOAJ
description Past studies have investigated the variability in how people engage with their personal networks, yet less is known about how people perceive their energy allocation to different ties. Drawing on an online survey sample (N =  906), we tested whether subjective perceptions of energy allocation conform to so-called Dunbar's Number(s). In addition, we evaluated the predictive roles of Big Five personality traits and self-esteem while controlling for differences in network structure. Results revealed significant heterogeneity in perceived energy allocation to different layers of personal networks (i.e., inner 5 vs. middle 15 vs. outer 150 relationships). In contrast to expectations, extraversion was not associated with perceived energy allocation, whereas self-esteem was associated with greater energy allocation to the middle (vs. inner) network layer. Our findings add to our knowledge of how people perceive relationship maintenance across their personal networks, along with the links to key psychological traits. More broadly, the findings suggest that more attention should be paid to psychological implications of the middle layer of personal networks. To conclude, we discuss the importance of studying individual differences in how people prioritize - and reflect on - different relationships in their networks.
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spelling doaj-art-4ceb82f4697b4504a2abd0c8aa78a1a02025-08-20T03:13:12ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01203e031960410.1371/journal.pone.0319604Reflecting on Dunbar's numbers: Individual differences in energy allocation to personal relationships.Wenbo LiDavid S LeeJonathan L StahlJoseph BayerPast studies have investigated the variability in how people engage with their personal networks, yet less is known about how people perceive their energy allocation to different ties. Drawing on an online survey sample (N =  906), we tested whether subjective perceptions of energy allocation conform to so-called Dunbar's Number(s). In addition, we evaluated the predictive roles of Big Five personality traits and self-esteem while controlling for differences in network structure. Results revealed significant heterogeneity in perceived energy allocation to different layers of personal networks (i.e., inner 5 vs. middle 15 vs. outer 150 relationships). In contrast to expectations, extraversion was not associated with perceived energy allocation, whereas self-esteem was associated with greater energy allocation to the middle (vs. inner) network layer. Our findings add to our knowledge of how people perceive relationship maintenance across their personal networks, along with the links to key psychological traits. More broadly, the findings suggest that more attention should be paid to psychological implications of the middle layer of personal networks. To conclude, we discuss the importance of studying individual differences in how people prioritize - and reflect on - different relationships in their networks.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319604
spellingShingle Wenbo Li
David S Lee
Jonathan L Stahl
Joseph Bayer
Reflecting on Dunbar's numbers: Individual differences in energy allocation to personal relationships.
PLoS ONE
title Reflecting on Dunbar's numbers: Individual differences in energy allocation to personal relationships.
title_full Reflecting on Dunbar's numbers: Individual differences in energy allocation to personal relationships.
title_fullStr Reflecting on Dunbar's numbers: Individual differences in energy allocation to personal relationships.
title_full_unstemmed Reflecting on Dunbar's numbers: Individual differences in energy allocation to personal relationships.
title_short Reflecting on Dunbar's numbers: Individual differences in energy allocation to personal relationships.
title_sort reflecting on dunbar s numbers individual differences in energy allocation to personal relationships
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319604
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AT davidslee reflectingondunbarsnumbersindividualdifferencesinenergyallocationtopersonalrelationships
AT jonathanlstahl reflectingondunbarsnumbersindividualdifferencesinenergyallocationtopersonalrelationships
AT josephbayer reflectingondunbarsnumbersindividualdifferencesinenergyallocationtopersonalrelationships