Global patterns and drivers of soil dissolved organic carbon concentrations
<p>Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) constitutes the most active carbon pool in soils and plays critical roles in soil carbon cycling, plant productivity, and global climate change. Accurately assessing soil DOC quantity is essential to elucidate ecosystem functions and services. However, global...
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Copernicus Publications
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Earth System Science Data |
| Online Access: | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/2873/2025/essd-17-2873-2025.pdf |
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| author | T. Ren T. Ren A. Cai |
| author_facet | T. Ren T. Ren A. Cai |
| author_sort | T. Ren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) constitutes the most active carbon pool in soils and plays critical roles in soil carbon cycling, plant productivity, and global climate change. Accurately assessing soil DOC quantity is essential to elucidate ecosystem functions and services. However, global driving factors and the spatial distribution of soil DOC remain poorly quantified, largely due to limited large-scale data. Here, we compile a comprehensive global database of soil DOC concentrations, encompassing 12 807 observations extracted from 975 scientific publications published between 1984 and 2020. We also record detailed geographic locations, climatic variables, and soil properties as predictors. Machine learning techniques were employed, including 10-fold cross-validation and evaluating model performance by <span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i><sup>2</sup></span> and root mean square error values, to predict the relative importance of various predictors and the global distribution of soil DOC concentrations. Worldwide soil DOC concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 7859 mg kg<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, averaging 222.78 mg kg<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. The 14 selected predictors, including elevation, soil properties, and climate, explained 63 % of the variance in soil DOC concentrations. Elevation played the most important predictor for soil DOC prediction, followed by soil organic carbon, seasonal variability of temperature, and soil clay content. Soil DOC decreases initially but increases when soil clay content exceeds 20 % and seasonal variability of temperature exceeds 0.7. Using these findings, a global map of predicted soil DOC concentrations was produced at a 0.05° by 0.05° resolution. Global soil DOC concentrations generally increased from the Equator to the poles wherein the topsoil layer (0–30 cm) holds 13.47 Pg of soil DOC with substantial variations across continents. These results inform soil management practices strategies, ecosystem services evaluations, and climate change mitigation efforts. Furthermore, we envision integrating our database with other carbon pools to advance understanding of total soil carbon turnover and to refine Earth system models. The dataset is publicly available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28574183">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28574183</a> (Ren and Cai, 2025).</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4cdab28e02f54420802b5887d607e16c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1866-3508 1866-3516 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth System Science Data |
| spelling | doaj-art-4cdab28e02f54420802b5887d607e16c2025-08-20T03:30:28ZengCopernicus PublicationsEarth System Science Data1866-35081866-35162025-06-01172873288510.5194/essd-17-2873-2025Global patterns and drivers of soil dissolved organic carbon concentrationsT. Ren0T. Ren1A. Cai2Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, ChinaDepartment Soil Science and Environmental Analyses, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich St. 8, 24–100 Puławy, PolandInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China<p>Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) constitutes the most active carbon pool in soils and plays critical roles in soil carbon cycling, plant productivity, and global climate change. Accurately assessing soil DOC quantity is essential to elucidate ecosystem functions and services. However, global driving factors and the spatial distribution of soil DOC remain poorly quantified, largely due to limited large-scale data. Here, we compile a comprehensive global database of soil DOC concentrations, encompassing 12 807 observations extracted from 975 scientific publications published between 1984 and 2020. We also record detailed geographic locations, climatic variables, and soil properties as predictors. Machine learning techniques were employed, including 10-fold cross-validation and evaluating model performance by <span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i><sup>2</sup></span> and root mean square error values, to predict the relative importance of various predictors and the global distribution of soil DOC concentrations. Worldwide soil DOC concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 7859 mg kg<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, averaging 222.78 mg kg<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. The 14 selected predictors, including elevation, soil properties, and climate, explained 63 % of the variance in soil DOC concentrations. Elevation played the most important predictor for soil DOC prediction, followed by soil organic carbon, seasonal variability of temperature, and soil clay content. Soil DOC decreases initially but increases when soil clay content exceeds 20 % and seasonal variability of temperature exceeds 0.7. Using these findings, a global map of predicted soil DOC concentrations was produced at a 0.05° by 0.05° resolution. Global soil DOC concentrations generally increased from the Equator to the poles wherein the topsoil layer (0–30 cm) holds 13.47 Pg of soil DOC with substantial variations across continents. These results inform soil management practices strategies, ecosystem services evaluations, and climate change mitigation efforts. Furthermore, we envision integrating our database with other carbon pools to advance understanding of total soil carbon turnover and to refine Earth system models. The dataset is publicly available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28574183">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28574183</a> (Ren and Cai, 2025).</p>https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/2873/2025/essd-17-2873-2025.pdf |
| spellingShingle | T. Ren T. Ren A. Cai Global patterns and drivers of soil dissolved organic carbon concentrations Earth System Science Data |
| title | Global patterns and drivers of soil dissolved organic carbon concentrations |
| title_full | Global patterns and drivers of soil dissolved organic carbon concentrations |
| title_fullStr | Global patterns and drivers of soil dissolved organic carbon concentrations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global patterns and drivers of soil dissolved organic carbon concentrations |
| title_short | Global patterns and drivers of soil dissolved organic carbon concentrations |
| title_sort | global patterns and drivers of soil dissolved organic carbon concentrations |
| url | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/2873/2025/essd-17-2873-2025.pdf |
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