Optimizing Low Crude Protein Diets with Coated Cysteamine Hydrochloride and Exogenous Alkaline Protease Supplementation in Broiler Chickens
Decreasing crude protein (CP) in broiler diets can improve sustainability but may compromise growth performance. Feed additives like coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) and exogenous alkaline protease (EAP) can enhance protein utilization and promote gut health. While CSH modulates metabolism, EAP...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Hafiz Abu Bakar Siddique Ehsaan Ullah Khan Muhammad Muneeb Saima Naveed Elham Assadi Soumeh Sohail Ahmad Rashed A. Alhotan Abdulrahman S. Alharthi Ala E. Abudabos |
| author_facet | Hafiz Abu Bakar Siddique Ehsaan Ullah Khan Muhammad Muneeb Saima Naveed Elham Assadi Soumeh Sohail Ahmad Rashed A. Alhotan Abdulrahman S. Alharthi Ala E. Abudabos |
| author_sort | Hafiz Abu Bakar Siddique |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Decreasing crude protein (CP) in broiler diets can improve sustainability but may compromise growth performance. Feed additives like coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) and exogenous alkaline protease (EAP) can enhance protein utilization and promote gut health. While CSH modulates metabolism, EAP improves digestibility, but their combined effects in low CP diets remain unclear. This study examines the synergistic impact of CSH and EAP on broiler growth, gut histology, carcass traits, immune response, and nutrient digestibility, aiming to optimize performance while reducing environmental impact. Six-hundred, 1-day-old broiler Ross-308 chicks (male) were allotted to four treatments, each consisting of six replicates of twenty-five birds, in a factorial arrangement using a completely randomized design. The treatments comprised two inclusion levels of coated CSH (0.2 and 0.4 g/kg with or without EAP (0 and 0.2 g/kg) in reduced CP diets. A ten percent reduction in CP from the standard requirements of Ross-308 (20.7% vs. 23% in the starter, 19.35% vs. 21.5% in the grower, and 17.55% vs. 19.5% in the finisher phase) was made in all the dietary treatments. A notable interaction (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) between CSH and EAP was detected in body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass characteristics, and gut morphology during the whole study duration. Similarly, nutrient digestibility and immune response were also influenced by the combined use of CSH and EAP. The synergistic use of coated CSH at 0.2 g/kg or 0.4 g/kg with EAP in reduced CP broiler diets can enhance performance, intestinal health, carcass characteristics, immune response, and nutrient digestibility. Implications of these findings in commercial feeding practices could substantially improve the efficiency and sustainability of broiler production systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4cd6c4b6d57e454591ed98d68c316549 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-4cd6c4b6d57e454591ed98d68c3165492025-08-20T03:32:28ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-06-0112762210.3390/vetsci12070622Optimizing Low Crude Protein Diets with Coated Cysteamine Hydrochloride and Exogenous Alkaline Protease Supplementation in Broiler ChickensHafiz Abu Bakar Siddique0Ehsaan Ullah Khan1Muhammad Muneeb2Saima Naveed3Elham Assadi Soumeh4Sohail Ahmad5Rashed A. Alhotan6Abdulrahman S. Alharthi7Ala E. Abudabos8Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanSchool of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, AustraliaDepartment of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Drive, Lorman, MS 39096-7500, USADecreasing crude protein (CP) in broiler diets can improve sustainability but may compromise growth performance. Feed additives like coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) and exogenous alkaline protease (EAP) can enhance protein utilization and promote gut health. While CSH modulates metabolism, EAP improves digestibility, but their combined effects in low CP diets remain unclear. This study examines the synergistic impact of CSH and EAP on broiler growth, gut histology, carcass traits, immune response, and nutrient digestibility, aiming to optimize performance while reducing environmental impact. Six-hundred, 1-day-old broiler Ross-308 chicks (male) were allotted to four treatments, each consisting of six replicates of twenty-five birds, in a factorial arrangement using a completely randomized design. The treatments comprised two inclusion levels of coated CSH (0.2 and 0.4 g/kg with or without EAP (0 and 0.2 g/kg) in reduced CP diets. A ten percent reduction in CP from the standard requirements of Ross-308 (20.7% vs. 23% in the starter, 19.35% vs. 21.5% in the grower, and 17.55% vs. 19.5% in the finisher phase) was made in all the dietary treatments. A notable interaction (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) between CSH and EAP was detected in body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass characteristics, and gut morphology during the whole study duration. Similarly, nutrient digestibility and immune response were also influenced by the combined use of CSH and EAP. The synergistic use of coated CSH at 0.2 g/kg or 0.4 g/kg with EAP in reduced CP broiler diets can enhance performance, intestinal health, carcass characteristics, immune response, and nutrient digestibility. Implications of these findings in commercial feeding practices could substantially improve the efficiency and sustainability of broiler production systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/622broilersexogenous proteasecrude proteincysteamine hydrochlorideperformance |
| spellingShingle | Hafiz Abu Bakar Siddique Ehsaan Ullah Khan Muhammad Muneeb Saima Naveed Elham Assadi Soumeh Sohail Ahmad Rashed A. Alhotan Abdulrahman S. Alharthi Ala E. Abudabos Optimizing Low Crude Protein Diets with Coated Cysteamine Hydrochloride and Exogenous Alkaline Protease Supplementation in Broiler Chickens Veterinary Sciences broilers exogenous protease crude protein cysteamine hydrochloride performance |
| title | Optimizing Low Crude Protein Diets with Coated Cysteamine Hydrochloride and Exogenous Alkaline Protease Supplementation in Broiler Chickens |
| title_full | Optimizing Low Crude Protein Diets with Coated Cysteamine Hydrochloride and Exogenous Alkaline Protease Supplementation in Broiler Chickens |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Low Crude Protein Diets with Coated Cysteamine Hydrochloride and Exogenous Alkaline Protease Supplementation in Broiler Chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Low Crude Protein Diets with Coated Cysteamine Hydrochloride and Exogenous Alkaline Protease Supplementation in Broiler Chickens |
| title_short | Optimizing Low Crude Protein Diets with Coated Cysteamine Hydrochloride and Exogenous Alkaline Protease Supplementation in Broiler Chickens |
| title_sort | optimizing low crude protein diets with coated cysteamine hydrochloride and exogenous alkaline protease supplementation in broiler chickens |
| topic | broilers exogenous protease crude protein cysteamine hydrochloride performance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/622 |
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